Oenothera parviflora
Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
northern evening-primrose, small-flower evening-primrose
erect, green or red on proximal parts or throughout, mostly branched from base or only in distal 1/2, 30–150 cm.
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–30 × 1–4 cm, cauline 4–18 × 1–3 cm;
blade usually bright green, sometimes pale green distally, white- or red-veined, narrowly oblanceolate, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, or oblong, margins usually flat, rarely undulate, regularly dentate to remotely denticulate, sometimes teeth widely spaced;
bracts persistent.
stipules present or absent.
erect or ± curved, unbranched or with secondary branches just proximal to main one.
opening near sunset;
buds erect, 3–5 mm diam., with free tips subterminal, spreading to erect, 0.5–5 mm;
floral tube 22–40 mm;
sepals green to yellowish green or flushed with red or dark red, sometimes only red-flecked, 7–17 mm;
petals yellow to pale yellow, fading pale yellow to pale yellowish orange, very broadly obcordate, 8–15(–20) mm;
filaments 7–13 mm, anthers 3.5–6 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile;
style 25–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.
floral tube present or, rarely, absent;
sepals 2 or 4 (very rarely 3), deciduous with floral tube, petals, and stamens;
petals yellow, white, pink, red, rarely in combination.
erect or slightly spreading, usually greenish black when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to lanceoloid, 20–40 ×3.5–5 mm, free tips of valves 1–1.5 mm.
1.1–1.8 × 0.5–1 mm.
= 14.
Oenothera parviflora
Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
Oenothera parviflora is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich et al. 1997). It has plastome IV and a BC genome composition.
Onagra chrysantha Spach 1835, not Michaux 1803, is a superfluous name, as is Onagra chrysantha var. parviflora (Linnaeus) Spach, and both pertain here. O. biformiflora var. cruciata R. R. Gates is an invalid name that pertains here.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Genera 21, species 582 (16 genera, 246 species in the flora).
Onagroideae encompass the main lineage of the family, after the early branching of Ludwigia (R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004). This large and diverse lineage is distinguished by the presence of a floral tube beyond the apex of the ovary; sepals deciduous with the floral tube, petals, and stamens; pollen shed in monads (or tetrads in Chylismia sect. Lignothera and all but one species of Epilobium); ovular vascular system exclusively transseptal (R. H. Eyde 1981); ovule archesporium multicellular (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996); and change in base chromosome number from x = 8 in Ludwigia to x = 10 or x = 11 at the base of Onagroideae (Raven 1979; Levin et al. 2003). Molecular work (Levin et al. 2003, 2004) substantially supports the traditional tribal classification (P. A. Munz 1965; Raven 1979, 1988); tribes are recognized to delimit major branches within the phylogeny of Onagroideae, where the branches comprise strongly supported monophyletic groups of one or more genera.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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