Oenothera parviflora |
Oenothera toumeyi |
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northern evening-primrose, small-flower evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs biennial, sparsely strigillose, glandular puberulent, and villous with pustulate or non-pustulate hairs, sometimes predominately strigillose proximally or predominately villous with pustulate or non-pustulate hairs distally, glabrous, or some mixture of strigillose, glandular puberulent, or sparsely villous distally, sometimes appearing glabrous to the naked eye. | Herbs perennial or sometimes annual, glabrate to strigillose throughout; from a stout taproot. |
Stems | erect, green or red on proximal parts or throughout, mostly branched from base or only in distal 1/2, 30–150 cm. |
1–several, ascending to erect, unbranched to densely branched, 15–70 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–30 × 1–4 cm, cauline 4–18 × 1–3 cm; blade usually bright green, sometimes pale green distally, white- or red-veined, narrowly oblanceolate, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, or oblong, margins usually flat, rarely undulate, regularly dentate to remotely denticulate, sometimes teeth widely spaced; bracts persistent. |
1–3.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, fascicles of small leaves 0.2–2.5 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0 cm; blade narrowly lanceolate, base acute-attenuate, margins entire or obscurely and sparsely serrulate, not undulate, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | erect or ± curved, unbranched or with secondary branches just proximal to main one. |
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Flowers | opening near sunset; buds erect, 3–5 mm diam., with free tips subterminal, spreading to erect, 0.5–5 mm; floral tube 22–40 mm; sepals green to yellowish green or flushed with red or dark red, sometimes only red-flecked, 7–17 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading pale yellow to pale yellowish orange, very broadly obcordate, 8–15(–20) mm; filaments 7–13 mm, anthers 3.5–6 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 25–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
usually 1 per stem opening per day at sunset; buds with free tips 2–9(–12) mm; floral tube (15–)30–60(–70) mm, funnelform in distal 1/2 or less; sepals 10–25 mm; petals yellow, fading pale pink or pale purple, 10–20 mm; filaments 4–12 mm, anthers 6–10 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 35–70(–80) mm, stigma yellow, quadrangular, usually exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | erect or slightly spreading, usually greenish black when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to lanceoloid, 20–40 ×3.5–5 mm, free tips of valves 1–1.5 mm. |
10–50 × 1.5–4 mm, somewhat papery, promptly dehiscent in distal 1/2. |
Seeds | 1.1–1.8 × 0.5–1 mm. |
obovoid, 2–3 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera parviflora |
Oenothera toumeyi |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering (May–)Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Open or disturbed, sandy or gravelly sites, roadsides, fallow fields, clearings, riverbanks, along water courses, salt marshes, coastal meadows. | Local and uncommon on shaded, rocky slopes or disturbed areas, pine-oak forests. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 1500–2600 m. (4900–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC [Introduced in Europe, Asia (ne China, Japan), s Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora) |
Discussion | Oenothera parviflora is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich et al. 1997). It has plastome IV and a BC genome composition. Onagra chrysantha Spach 1835, not Michaux 1803, is a superfluous name, as is Onagra chrysantha var. parviflora (Linnaeus) Spach, and both pertain here. O. biformiflora var. cruciata R. R. Gates is an invalid name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera toumeyi occurs locally from the Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita mountains in Cochise and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona, and the Mogollon Mountains in southern Catron County, New Mexico, south through northeastern Sonora in the Sierra Madre Occidental to west-central Chihuahua. H. F. Towner (1977) found that O. toumeyi is self-incompatible and vespertine. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Salpingia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. ammophiloidesr. var. flecticaulis, O. ammophiloides var. parva, O. angustifolia, O. angustissima, O. angustissima var. quebecensis, O. apicaborta, O. atrovirens, O. biennis var. cruciata, O. biennis var. parviflora, O. biformiflora, O. cleistantha, O. comosa, O. cruciata, O. cruciata var. sabulonensis, O. deflexa, O. flecticaulis, O. hazeliae, O. hazeliae var. parviflora, O. hazeliae var. subterminalis, O. intermedia, O. laevigata, O. laevigata var. scitula, O. laevigata var. similis, O. novae-scotiae, O. novae-scotiae var. distantifolia, O. novae-scotiae var. intermedia, O. parva, O. parviflora subsp. angustissima, O. parviflora var. angustissima, O. robinsonii, O. rubricapitata, O. scitula, O. subterminalis, O. venosa, Onagra biennis var. cruciata, O. chrysantha var. cruciata, O. cruciata, O. parviflora | Galpinsia toumeyi, Calylophus hartwegii subsp. toumeyi, C. hartwegii var. toumeyi, C. toumeyi, O. hartwegii var. toumeyi |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 998. (1759) — (as parviflor) | (Small) Tidestrom: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 41. (1935) |
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