The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Oakes' evening-primrose

California evening primrose

Habit Herbs biennial, densely silky-strigillose, at least proximally, also sparsely villous with long, appressed hairs, sometimes also villous with spreading, pustulate hairs and/or glandular puberulent distally. Herbs winter-annual, younger parts sparsely to densely strigillose and sparsely to densely hirsute, older stems glabrate; from a taproot.
Stems

erect to decumbent, green or flushed with red on proximal parts or throughout, unbranched or bushy and branched from base, with side branches arising obliquely or arcuately from rosette, 10–60 cm.

ascending to erect, with decumbent branches, thickened at base, tapering toward apex, 10–35(–60) cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 8–30 × 0.5–3 cm, cauline 3.5–20 ×0.5–2.7 cm;

blade grayish green to dull green, very narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, margins flat, subentire or remotely dentate, teeth sometimes blunt, sometimes sinuate-dentate proximally;

bracts persistent.

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–10(–26) × 0.6–1.5(–3.5) cm, cauline 5–8(–15.5) × 1–2 cm;

petiole 0–12 cm;

blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, margins pinnatifid or sometimes coarsely serrate.

Inflorescences

usually recurved with ascending tip distally, rarely suberect, unbranched.

Flowers

opening near sunset;

buds erect, 3–5 mm diam., with free tips subterminal, spreading to erect, 2.5–4 mm;

floral tube 15–40 mm;

sepals green to yellow, flushed with red and dark red flecked or red-striped, 9–17 mm;

petals yellow to pale yellow, fading yellowish white to pale yellowish orange, very broadly obcordate, 7–20 mm;

filaments 6–15 mm, anthers 3–7 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile;

style 20–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

1–several opening per day near sunset;

buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, without free tips;

floral tube 26–31 mm;

sepals 19–26 mm, conspicuously maroon-spotted, each spot at base of a long hair;

petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 16–26(–36) mm;

filaments 9–15 mm, anthers 7–9 mm;

style 45–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

erect or slightly spreading, usually rusty brown when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to lanceoloid, 15–40 × 4–8 mm, free tips of valves 0.5 mm.

spreading, woody in age, curved upward, or distal end recurved, cylindrical, obtusely 4-angled, especially toward base, tapering gradually from base to apex, 30–80 × 2.5–3.5 mm;

sessile.

Seeds

1.1–1.2 ×0.8–1 mm.

numerous, in 1 row per locule, light brown to yellowish brown with dark purple splotches, obovoid, 1.6–2 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Oenothera oakesiana

Oenothera arizonica

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering (Oct–)Feb–May.
Habitat Sandy coastal meadows and dunes, gravelly or rocky sites along rivers, disturbed sites, roadsides. Gravelly or sandy soil, along watercourses, disturbed sites.
Elevation 0–50(–500) m. (0–200(–1600) ft.) 200–1400 m. (700–4600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DC; DE; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC [Introduced in Europe, Asia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; Mexico (Sonora)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera oakesiana is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes or a ring of 12 and 1 bivalent in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich et al. 1997). It has plastome IV and a AC genome composition.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera arizonica occurs in southern Arizona from Maricopa and Yuma counties to Cochise County, and from scattered localities in northern Sonora, Mexico, including Cerro Tepopa, Puerto Libertad, and Tastiota. The populations from southwestern Arizona (Yuma County) southward to Sonora often grow on low dunes.

Populations from sand dunes in Yuma County, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, appear to be a large phenotype of Oenothera arizonica that differ from all other specimens in the size of vegetative parts and flowers, and comprise all of the atypical measurements given in the description. Oenothera arizonica typically grows on dunes in Sonora, but rarely so in Arizona. Populations growing on dunes should be studied further and compared to non-dune populations in the northern and eastern portion of the range. Oenothera arizonica is self-compatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms O. biennis var. oakesiana, O. ammophila, O. ammophiloides, O. ammophiloides var. angustifolia, O. ammophiloides var. laurensis, O. atrovirens var. ostreae, O. canovirens var. cymatilis, O. cruciata var. stenopetala, O. cymatilis, O. deflexa var. bracteata, O. disjuncta, O. eriensis, O. eriensis var. niagarensis, O. eriensis var. repandodentata, O. germanica, O. insignis, O. laevigata var. rubripunctata, O. leucophylla, O. litorea, O. magdalena, O. millersii, O. muricata var. parviflora, O. niagarensis, O. nobska, O. oakesiana var. nobska, O. oakesiana var. tidestromii, O. ostreae, O. parviflora var. oakesiana, O. perangusta, O. perangusta var. rubricalyx, O. repandodentata, O. rubescens, O. stenopetala, O. tidestromii, Onagra oakesiana O. deltoides var. arizonica, O. avita subsp. arizonica, O. californica subsp. arizonica
Name authority (A. Gray) J. W. Robbins ex S. Watson & J. M. Coulter in A. Gray et al.: Manual ed. 6, 190. (1890) (Munz) W. L. Wagner: Novon 8: 308. (1998)
Web links