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Nuttall's evening primrose

spach's evening primrose

Habit Herbs perennial, mostly glabrous, sometimes strigillose on leaves and/or glandular puberulent on distal parts, at least on floral tube; from a taproot, lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. Herbs annual, densely strigillose; from a sparsely branched taproot.
Stems

erect, often branched, 30–100 cm.

erect, usually unbranched or with few ascending branches, 10–30(–45) cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette weakly developed or absent, at least during flowering, 2–6(–10.5) × 0.3–0.6(–1) cm;

petiole 0–2 cm;

blade narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, margins usually entire, sometimes remotely denticulate or repand-denticulate.

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, petiole 0.5–2 cm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, margins subentire;

cauline 3–6 × 0.2–0.6 cm, petiole 0.2–0.6(–1.5) cm, blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, margins subentire.

Inflorescences

erect, flowers in leaf axils in distal 1/2 of plant.

Flowers

1–several opening per day near sunset;

buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, with free tips 1–2 mm;

floral tube 15–40 mm;

sepals 20–30 mm, not spotted;

petals white, fading pink, broadly obovate or obcordate,15–30 mm;

filaments 15–18 mm, anthers 8–10 mm;

style 35–45 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

opening near sunrise;

buds with free tips to 1 mm, erect to spreading;

floral tube 4–10 mm;

sepals 4–8 mm;

petals pale yellow, fading pale pink, 5–14 mm;

filaments 3–7 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;

style 3–7 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers.

Capsules

erect or ascending, woody in age, straight or slightly curved, cylindrical, obtusely 4-angled, especially toward base, tapering slightly from base to apex, 20–30 × 2–3 mm;

sessile.

broadly clavate, 4-angled, 5–15 × 3–5 mm, stipe 2–5 mm;

sessile.

Seeds

numerous, in 1 row per locule, reddish dark brown, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.3 mm.

1 × 0.5 mm.

2n

= 14, 28.

= 14.

Oenothera nuttallii

Oenothera spachiana

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Dry, sandy or rocky prairies, open wooded hillsides, disturbed areas, roadsides. Prairies, open roadsides, sandy places.
Elevation 500–2200(–2900) m. (1600–7200(–9500) ft.) 10–200 m. (0–700 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; IL; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; SD; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; LA; MS; OK; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera nuttallii had been assumed to be self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007), but K. E. Theiss et al. (2010) determined two plants to be self-compatible.

Anogra nuttalliana Spach and Baumannia nuttalliana Spach are illegitimate names that pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

G. B. Straley (1977) determined Oenothera spachiana to be self-compatible and autogamous. Collections outside the native range of O. spachiana have been made as a ballast weed in Camden County, New Jersey.

Oenothera drummondii (Spach) Walpers (1843), not Hooker (1834) is a later homonym and pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Kneiffia
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms O. albicaulis, O. albicaulis var. nuttallii Blennoderma drummondii, Kneiffia spachiana, O. uncinata
Name authority Sweet: Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 199. (1830) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 498. (1840)
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