Oenothera macrocarpa |
Oenothera demareei |
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bigfruit evening primrose, Missouri evening primrose, Ozark sundrop |
demaree's beeblossom |
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Habit | Herbs caulescent, strigillose or glabrous, sometimes glandular puberulent distally; from a stout taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. | Herbs usually robust winter-annual, sometimes biennial, densely strigillose throughout; from fleshy taproot. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | moderately leafy, (1–)4–40(–60) cm. |
usually well-branched distal to base, 50–400 cm. |
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Leaves | cauline, (2.8–)3.7–12.5(–17) × (0.1–)0.4–3(–4.5) cm; petiole (0.4–)1–4(–6) cm; blade linear, lanceolate-elliptic, elliptic to oblanceolate or suborbiculate, margins entire or conspicuously or inconspicuously denticulate or serrulate, sometimes undulate, apex usually acute, sometimes obtuse or retuse (subsp. incana). |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 3–7 × 0.2–0.8 cm; blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate, margins subentire or shallowly undulate-denticulate. |
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Flowers | usually 1 or 2, rarely more, opening per day near sunset, fading next morning, sometimes (subspp. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunrise; floral tube 4–13(–15) mm; sepals 13–20 mm; petals white, fading pink, rhombic-obovate, 10–17 mm; filaments 8–17 mm, anthers 3–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 18–32 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | papery in age, narrowly ellipsoid to lanceoloid, sometimes twisted (subsp. fremontii), winged, wings (2–)10–28(–34) mm wide, body (13–)25–70(–115) × 2–9 mm, dehiscent 1/4–1/3 their length; pedicel 1–12(–25) mm. |
ellipsoid or ovoid, sharply 4-angled, 4.5–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm; sessile. |
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Seeds | numerous, rarely as few as 8, in 1 row per locule, obovoid, (2–)3–5 × 1–2.3 mm. |
2–4, yellowish to reddish brown, 1.2–3 × 0.7–1.3 mm. |
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Macrocarpa | and oklahomensis) lasting for 2 days, weakly scented; buds with unequal free tips 1–11(–15) mm; floral tube (21–)35–140(–160) mm; sepals (20–)25–65(–75) mm; petals bright yellow, fading orange, reddish orange or mostly unchanged, obovate to very broadly obovate, (17–)25–65(–68) mm, usually with terminal notch and/or tooth, margin sometimes erose; filaments 13–40(–44) mm, anthers 10–24(–25) mm; style (45–)55–192 mm, stigma usually exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera macrocarpa |
Oenothera demareei |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open meadows in sandy loam. | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 70–200 m. (200–700 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
c United States; n Mexico; s United States
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AR |
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (4 in the flora). Oenotheramacrocarpa is variable and has differentiated extensively in the Great Plains region. Each of the five distinctive subspecies occupies a different geographical and ecological situation. Only subsp. mexicana W. L. Wagner from Coahuila, Mexico, occurs outside of the flora area. In general, the subspecies are sharply distinct and each is characterized by a number of features, including pubescence, leaf features, flower and floral tube size, and size and morphology of the capsules and seeds. The five entities are treated as subspecies primarily because of their complete interfertility and extensive intergradation in any area of marginal contact. Intermediates are known between subsp. macrocarpa and subspp. fremontii and oklahomensis and between subspp. incana and oklahomensis. There is also some evidence that suggests past hybridization between subspp. fremontii and incana although there is no present contact between them. All subspecies are self-incompatible. Oenothera alata Nuttall (1818) is an illegitimate name based on O. macrocarpa and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera demareei is known only from Clark, Garland, Hempstead, Howard, Montgomery, Pike, Saline, and Sevier counties. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) found Oenothera demareei to be self-incompatible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Megapterium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Megapterium macrocarpum, M. nuttallianum | Gaura demareei | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no. 56. (1813) | (P. H. Raven & D. P. Gregory) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |