Oenothera linifolia
Oenothera flava
threadleaf evening-primrose, threadleaf sundrop
long-tubed evening primrose, yellow evening primrose
unbranched or with many ascending branches arising near base, erect, 10–50 cm.
(when present) ascending, 1–several, usually densely leafy, 0–2 cm.
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 1–2(–4) × 0.2–0.6 cm, petiole 0.2–1(–1.5) cm, blade ovate to obovate or narrowly elliptic;
cauline 1–4 × less than 0.1 cm, sessile, blade linear or filiform.
primarily in a basal rosette, (3.4–)6–30(–36) × (0.5–)1.5–5(–7) cm, flexible, sometimes ± fleshy;
petiole (0.2–)2–7(–10) cm;
blade oblanceolate to linear, margins usually irregularly and coarsely pinnately lobed, rarely subentire, apex acute.
usually 1–3 opening per day near sunrise;
buds without free tips;
sepals 1.5–2 mm;
petals bright yellow, fading pink, obcordate to obovate, 3–5(–7) mm;
filaments 1–2 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm;
style 1–2 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.
1–4 opening per day near sunset;
buds with free tips (1–)2–10(–12) mm;
floral tube (24–)40–200(–265) mm;
sepals (8–)11–40(–42) mm;
petals bright yellow, sometimes paler (in smaller-flowered plants), fading pale orange, drying purple, (7–)10–45(–50) mm;
filaments (5–)8–23(–26) mm, anthers (2–)3–13(–16) mm;
style (40–)50–250(–290) mm, stigma exserted beyond or surrounded by ring of anthers.
ellipsoid-rhombic to subglobose, 4-angled, 4–6(–10) × 1.5–3 mm, stipe 0–4 mm, valve midrib raised at distal end, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent distally;
sessile.
leathery in age, surface usually conspicuously reticulate, usually narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, sometimes ovoid or lanceoloid, winged, wings narrowly oblong, (2–)3–5(–6) mm wide, confined to distal 2/3 of capsule, (10–)20–35(–43) × 4–8 mm (excluding wings), gradually constricted to a short beak, dehiscent 1/4–1/2 their length, valve surface usually conspicuously reticulate;
sessile.
clustered in each locule, ovoid, surface minutely papillose, 1 × 0.5 mm.
asymmetrically cuneiform, 1.8–2.2(–2.6) mm.2n = 14.
= 14.
Oenothera linifolia
Oenothera flava
Kneiffia linearifolia Spach (1835) is an illegitimate name based on Oenothera linifolia.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Petals in Oenothera flava typically range from 7–32 mm with floral tubes 24–100 mm; however, plants from three disjunct areas: the Mogollon Plateau in Arizona to Catron County, New Mexico; Sacramento Mountains and Sierra Blanca, Lincoln and Otero counties, New Mexico; and the Sierra Madre Occidental from northern Chihuahua south to Durango, have much larger petals (30–55 mm) and longer floral tubes (80–265 mm). They were originally recognized as a distinct species or most recently as a subspecies (O. flava subsp. taraxacoides), but detailed study of the variation pattern suggests that the larger flowers occur in areas of high hawkmoth species diversity and higher rates of outcrossing, similar to the pattern discussed in detail by D. P. Gregory (1963, 1964). R. A. Raguso et al. (2007) and H. E. Summers et al. (2015) came to the same conclusion in an independent study of floral biology of sect. Lavauxia. Because populations from the three disjunct areas appear to have diverged independently from lower-elevation source populations, it seems best to treat the complex as one variable species without any formal subdivision.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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