Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera speciosa |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
Mexican evening primrose, pinkladies, showy evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs perennial, caulescent, glabrate to strigillose, usually also sparsely hirsute; from slender taproot and spreading by rhizomes. |
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
many, erect, 4–60 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 2–9 × 0.3–3.2 cm, blade oblanceolate to obovate, margins subentire or sinuate-pinnatifid; cauline 1–10 × 0.3–3.5 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to ovate, margins subentire or serrulate to sinuate-pinnatifid. |
Inflorescences | sharply nodding. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
1–3 opening per day near sunrise in some populations, near sunset in others; buds with free tips 0–4 mm; floral tube 12–25 mm; sepals 15–50 mm; petals pink to rose, fading darker, or white, fading pink, 15–45 mm; filaments 10–22 mm, anthers 6–16 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 20–55 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
narrowly obovoid to narrowly rhombic-ellipsoid, angled, 10–25 × 3.5–6 mm, apex attenuate to a sterile beak, valve midrib prominent, proximal stipe cylindrical, not tapering to base, (4–)8–15 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, 1–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14, 28, 42. |
Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera speciosa |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Jul(–Oct). |
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | Grasslands, glades, open woodlands, disturbed places, pastures, railroads, roadsides, loamy or sandy soil, sometimes clay. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | 10–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MO; NE; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera speciosa is widely cultivated worldwide for its showy flowers and easy maintenance. It is not known to be definitely naturalized, but tends to persist or become adventive due to its aggressive vegetative reproduction. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Hartmannia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | Hartmannia berlandieri, H. reverchonii, O. berlandieri, O. delessertiana, O. hirsuta, O. obtusifolia, O. shimekii, O. spachii, O. speciosa var. berlandieri, O. speciosa var. childsii, O. tetraptera var. childsii, Xylopleurum berlandieri, X. drummondii, X. hirsutum, X. obtusifolium, X. speciosum |
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 119. (1821) |
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