Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera spachiana |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
spach's evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs annual, densely strigillose; from a sparsely branched taproot. |
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
erect, usually unbranched or with few ascending branches, 10–30(–45) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, petiole 0.5–2 cm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, margins subentire; cauline 3–6 × 0.2–0.6 cm, petiole 0.2–0.6(–1.5) cm, blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, margins subentire. |
Inflorescences | erect, flowers in leaf axils in distal 1/2 of plant. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunrise; buds with free tips to 1 mm, erect to spreading; floral tube 4–10 mm; sepals 4–8 mm; petals pale yellow, fading pale pink, 5–14 mm; filaments 3–7 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 3–7 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
broadly clavate, 4-angled, 5–15 × 3–5 mm, stipe 2–5 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
1 × 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera spachiana |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | Prairies, open roadsides, sandy places. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | 10–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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AL; AR; LA; MS; OK; TX |
Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
G. B. Straley (1977) determined Oenothera spachiana to be self-compatible and autogamous. Collections outside the native range of O. spachiana have been made as a ballast weed in Camden County, New Jersey. Oenothera drummondii (Spach) Walpers (1843), not Hooker (1834) is a later homonym and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Kneiffia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | Blennoderma drummondii, Kneiffia spachiana, O. uncinata |
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 498. (1840) |
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