Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera simulans |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
southern beeblossom |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs annual, glabrate, strigillose, and/or hirtellous; from taproot. |
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
usually unbranched, sometimes several-branched from base, 60–180 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.8–13 × 0.1–1.6 cm; blade often red-blotched, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to conspicuously sinuate-dentate. |
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
3 or 4-merous, often mixed on a single plant, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 3–8 mm; sepals 2.5–8 mm; petals white, fading pink, narrowly elliptic-obovate, 4.5–8 mm; filaments 2.5–6 mm, anthers 0.5–2 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 7.5–19 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
ellipsoid or ovoid, 3-(or 4-)angled, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
2–4, yellowish to light brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera simulans |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering (Feb–)May–Sep(–Nov). |
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | Sandy soil in open woodlands, fields, roadsides, primarily in outer Coastal Plain. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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FL; GA; NC; SC
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Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera simulans occurs along the Coastal Plain from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, southward and throughout Florida. It is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). The species occasionally persists through mild winters in the southern part of its range, appearing biennial. Gaura fruticosa Jacquin 1786, not G. fruticosa Loefling 1758, is an illegitimate later homonym that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | Gaura simulans, G. angustifolia, G. angustifolia var. eatonii, G. angustifolia var. simulans, G. angustifolia var. strigosa, G. eatonii |
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | (Small) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 213. (2007) |
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