Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera pallida |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
mountain evening primrose, pale evening-primrose, rockweed brush, white-stem evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs annual or perennial, glabrous, strigillose and/or villous, sometimes more villous distally, especially on flower parts; from a taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. | ||||||||||||
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
erect or ascending, single to several from base, unbranched or many-branched throughout, 10–50(–70) cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
cauline, rosette usually weakly developed or absent, at least during flowering, sometimes well developed, 1–5(–7.8) × 0.3–1(–1.5) cm; petiole 0–2(–4.5) cm; blade lanceolate, oblong, linear-lanceolate, or ovate, margins subentire or remotely denticulate, deeply sinuate-dentate, or pinnatifid, sometimes repand. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
1–several opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, with free tips 0–2 mm; floral tube 15–40 mm; sepals 10–30 mm, not spotted; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, (10–)15–25(–40) mm; filaments 9–15 mm, anthers 3–10 mm; style 25–55 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
spreading to reflexed, straight to curved or contorted, cylindrical, obtusely 4-angled, tapering slightly from base to apex, 15–60 × 1.5–2.5 mm; sessile. |
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Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
numerous, in 1 row per locule, brownish with dark spots or black, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera pallida |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | |||||||||||||
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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w North America; n Mexico; c North America
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Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora). Oenothera pallida is a poorly understood species currently subdivided into four subspecies (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007) that differ largely in aspect, leaf division, capsule configuration, and pubescence. The variation pattern is rather complex with almost no diagnostic character uniformly distinguishing any one of the subspecies. Instead, each of the subspecies, which are mostly geographically separated although there is some level of overlap, have diagnostic suites of characters that maintain their linkage some of the time, but break down across the geographic area of each so that no single character uniquely identifies it. Each subspecies is characterized by leaf, pubescence, and, often, habit features. The issues with the integrity and intergradations of the subspecies are discussed below. Oenothera pallida has been determined to be self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007), but K. E. Theiss et al. (2010) determined that although most populations of subsp. pallida are self-incompatible, one near Salt Lake City is self-compatible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | Anogra pallida, O. albicaulis var. pallida | ||||||||||||
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | Lindley: Bot. Reg. 14: plate 1142. (1828) | ||||||||||||
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