Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera nutans |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
nodding evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs biennial, often appearing glabrous to naked eye, usually strigillose and sparsely to moderately villous proximal to inflorescence, hairs translucent and with or without pustules, pustules not red (in fresh material), inflorescence glabrous, glandular puberulent, or strigillose and glandular puberulent. |
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
erect, red on proximal parts, green on distal ones, rarely red throughout, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 30–200 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–32 × 3–7 cm, cauline 6–20 × 2–8 cm; blade green to pale green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, or narrowly elliptic, sometimes lanceolate distally, margins usually flat, rarely undulate, bluntly dentate, teeth widely spaced, sometimes sinuate-dentate proximally; bracts caducous. |
Inflorescences | erect, unbranched or with secondary branches just proximal to main one. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 4–6 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 1.5–6 mm; floral tube 30–43 mm; sepals yellowish green or flushed with red, 10–23 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading pale yellowish white, very broadly obcordate, 14–25(–30) mm; filaments 10–25 mm, anthers 4–10 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 35–63 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to narrowly ovoid, 12–36 × 3–6 mm, free tips of valves 1–1.5 mm. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
1–1.9 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera nutans |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | Open, often disturbed sites, stream beds, flood plains, slopes, margins of mixed deciduous forests, roadsides, old fields. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | (200–)400–1700 m. ((700–)1300–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON |
Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera nutans is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes or a ring of 12 and 1 bivalent in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich et al. 1997). It has plastome III and a BB genome composition. The disjunct occurrences of O. nutans in Arkansas and Missouri probably represent unintentional introductions by humans. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | O. austromontana, O. biennis subsp. austromontana, O. biennis var. austromontana, O. biennis var. nutans |
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | G. F. Atkinson & Bartlett: Rhodora 15: 83. (1913) |
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