Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera longissima |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
long evening primrose, long-stem evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, sparsely strigillose, sometimes also villous and with pustulate hairs near inflorescence, sometimes also glandular puberulent. |
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
erect, usually flushed with red proximally or sometimes green, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from base, secondary branches arising from main stem, 60–300 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 9–40 × 1.4–5 cm, cauline 5–22 × 0.8–2.5 cm; blade dull green, flat, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced; bracts persistent. |
Inflorescences | open, erect, unbranched. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 5–9 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 2–6 mm; floral tube deciduous after anthesis, 60–135 mm; sepals yellowish green, flushed with some red or red to dark red throughout, 25–55 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, 28–65 mm; filaments 20–40 mm, anthers 14–20 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 90–180 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 25–55 × 4–9 mm, free tips of valves 1–2(–3) mm. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
1–1.9 × 0.6–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera longissima |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | Seasonally moist sites, sandy or sandy-loam soil, sites with high alkalinity or associated with limestone, along desert washes, streams, seeps, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | 800–2800 m. (2600–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
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Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera longissima has plastome I and a AA genome composition. Oenothera longissima is known from northern and western Arizona, Inyo, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino counties in California, Delta and Montezuma counties in Colorado, eastern Nevada, San Juan County in New Mexico, and southern Utah. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | O. clutei, O. longissima subsp. clutei, O. longissima var. clutei |
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 65. (1913) |
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