Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera hispida |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs perennial, spreading by rhizomes (forming colonies), strigillose, often also villous; from taproot. |
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
ascending to decumbent, several-branched from base, usually also irregularly branched distally, sometimes with a single, unbranched stem, 20–60(–120) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.5–7.5(–9.5) × 0.1–2.2 cm, blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, margins subentire or shallowly sinuate-dentate. |
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 4–14 mm; sepals 7–11(–14) mm; petals white, fading red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 6–10 mm, clawed; filaments 4–8.5 mm, anthers 3–6 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 12–26 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
erect, pyramidal in distal 1/2, conspicuously bulging at base of distal pyramidal part, strongly 4-angled, conspicuously bulging at base, abruptly constricted to terete proximal part, 7–13 × 3–5 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
(2 or)3 or 4(–8), reddish brown, 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 28. |
Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera hispida |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering May–Jul(–Nov). |
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | Sandy loam. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | 60–1900 m. (200–6200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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AR; CA; GA; TX; c Mexico |
Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera hispida is native across the eastern half of Texas, south through Mexico to Oaxaca and Puebla; it is naturalized in Sevier County, Arkansas, coastal southern California, and Glynn County Georgia. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) reported Oenothera hispida to be self-incompatible. It occasionally forms hybrids with O. suffrutescens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Xenogaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | Gaura hispida, G. crispa, G. drummondii, G. roemeriana, O. xenogaura, Schizocarya crispa, S. drummondii |
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | (Bentham) W. L. Wagner, Hoch & Zarucchi: PhytoKeys 50: 26. (2015) |
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