Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera gaura |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
biennial bee-blossom |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs usually robust winter-annual, sometimes biennial, usually moderately to densely villous, rarely short-hirtellous, also glandular puberulent; from fleshy taproot. |
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
usually well-branched distal to base, 50–180 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 8–20 × 1.5–3 cm, blade oblanceolate, margins irregularly toothed to lobed; cauline 1.5–12 × 0.5–3 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate, margins subentire or undulate-denticulate. |
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 6–13 mm; sepals 5–13 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, narrowly elliptic-obovate, 6–12 mm; filaments 5–10 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, pollen 35–65% fertile; style 12–15 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
ellipsoid, 4-angled, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
3–6, light to reddish brown, 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera gaura |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | Open woods, fields, along streams, disturbed sites, ditch banks, roadsides, railway embankments. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | 100–600 m. (300–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera gaura is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis. It is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]), and may have been derived from O. filiformis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | Gaura biennis |
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) |
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