Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera capillifolia |
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cut-leaf evening-primrose, southern evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sometimes also villous, sometimes also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs perennial (short-lived or, sometimes, suffrutescent) or annual, glabrous or strigillose; from a stout taproot. | ||||
Stems | erect to ascending, unbranched to much branched, 5–50 cm. |
1–many, weakly decumbent to ascending or erect, unbranched to moderately branched, (10–)25–80 cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1–3 cm, cauline 2–10 × 0.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate or deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
1–9 × (0.1–)0.3–1 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves to 2 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.6 cm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, often folded lengthwise, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes spatulate, base attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate or spinulose-serrate, apex acute. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.3–3 mm; floral tube 12–35 mm; sepals 5–15 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–50 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening at sunrise; buds with free tips 0–4 mm; floral tube 5–20 mm; sepals 4–12 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading orangish to purplish, 6–25 mm; antisepalous filaments 2–8 mm, antipetalous filaments 1–4 mm, anthers 2–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–30 mm, stigma sometimes blue-black, discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers. |
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Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–50 × 2–4 mm. |
10–35 × 1–2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
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Seeds | ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.8 × 0.4–0.9 mm. |
obovoid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera laciniata |
Oenothera capillifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | |||||
Habitat | introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas.. | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000(–1300) m. (0–3300(–4300) ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY [Introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas]
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c United States; sc United States; n Mexico |
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Discussion | Oenothera laciniata is a PTH species and forms aring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata is known in New Mexico from Doña Ana and Roosevelt counties from non-montane habitats and thus do not appear to represent O. pubescens; however, a few collections from Brewster and Jeff Davis counties, Texas, reported by W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) as O. laciniata appear to represent collections of O. pubescens. Dietrich and Wagner found that O. laciniata hybridizes not only with O. grandis, but also with O. drummondii subsp. drummondii, O. humifusa, and O. mexicana. It is naturalized nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Oenothera capillifolia is self-incompatible (H. F. Towner 1977). Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steudel 1841, not D. Dietrich 1840, is superfluous and cannot be used in Oenothera when transferred from Calylophus, and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Calylophus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | O. minima, O. repanda, O. sinuata, O. sinuata var. minima, Onagra sinuata, Raimannia laciniata | Meriolix capillifolia | ||||
Name authority | Hill: Veg. Syst. 12(app.): 64, plate 10. (1767) | Scheele: Linnaea 21: 576. (1848) | ||||
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