Oenothera jamesii |
Oenothera dodgeniana |
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trumpet evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs biennial or winter-annual, usually predominately and densely strigillose, sometimes also villous with scattered, appressed hairs, rarely with a few pustulate hairs, inflorescence sometimes also glandular puberulent. | Herbs biennial, villous and strigillose proximally, leaves glabrate or strigillose, also glandular puberulent distally, sometimes also sparsely villous; from stout, fleshy taproot. |
Stems | erect, usually green, rarely flushed with red, unbranched or with branches arising obliquely from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 60–180 cm. |
1 or few-branched from base, 50–120 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–30 × 2.5–5 cm, cauline 4–20 × 1–5 cm; blade dull green, flat, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced; bracts persistent. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–20 × 1–3 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; cauline 5–10 × 1–2.5 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins subentire or repand-denticulate. |
Inflorescences | erect, usually unbranched, rarely with few lateral branches. |
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Flowers | opening near sunset; buds erect, 7–12 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 0.5–3 mm; floral tube persistent on ovary after anthesis, (60–)80–120(–160) mm; sepals yellowish green, red-striped to red throughout, 30–55 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, 40–50 mm; filaments 23–30 mm, anthers 12–22 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 90–170(–200) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 10–11 mm; sepals 11–15 mm; petals white, fading pink, rhombic-obovate, 11–14 mm; filaments 6.5–9 mm, anthers 2.5–4 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 22–28 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 20–50 × 6–12 mm, free tips of valves 2.5–5 mm. |
ellipsoid or ovoid, sharply 4-angled, with deep furrows alternating with angles for 2–3 mm from apex, ribbed from base of furrow to base of fruit, 9–11 × 3–5 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | 1–1.2 × 0.7–1.3 mm. |
2–4, yellowish to light brown, 2–3 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera jamesii |
Oenothera dodgeniana |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Sandy stream banks, ditches, moist areas, cultivated areas, disturbed roadsides. | Mountain meadow openings in coniferous forests. |
Elevation | (30–)300–1800 m. ((100–)1000–5900 ft.) | 1800–2700 m. (5900–8900 ft.) |
Distribution |
KS; OK; TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Puebla) [Introduced in e Asia (Japan), s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands)] |
CO; NM |
Discussion | Oenothera jamesii has plastome I and a AA genome composition; it is known in the flora area from southern Kansas (Clark County), central Oklahoma, and Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera dodgeniana occurs in two disjunct areas: the western foothills of the San Juan Mountains in Archuleta and Huerfano counties, Colorado, and Rio Arriba County, New Mexico; and Sierra Blanca and Sacramento Mountains in Lincoln and Otero counties, south-central New Mexico. The species was collected once at Durango, La Plata County, Colorado (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]), but has not since been recollected. Oenothera dodgeniana and O. coloradensis were considered by Raven and Gregory to represent a relict species along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains that arose from more widespread species farther to the east, such as O. filiformis. Oenothera dodgeniana belongs to a subclade which is sister to that containing O. coloradensis, and within that subclade is sister to O. demareei and O. lindheimeri (W. L. Wagner et al. 2013). Although O. dodgeniana is fairly closely related to O. coloradensis, the two taxa seem to have had independent origins that have led to distributions along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains. Oenothera dodgeniana is self-compatible (Raven and Gregory). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Onagra jamesii, O. communis var. jamesii | Gaura neomexicana, O. coloradensis subsp. neomexicana |
Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. (1840) | Krakos & W. L. Wagner: PhytoKeys 28: 66. (2013) |
Web links |