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trumpet evening primrose

high-plains beeblossom, woolly beeblossom

Habit Herbs biennial or winter-annual, usually predominately and densely strigillose, sometimes also villous with scattered, appressed hairs, rarely with a few pustulate hairs, inflorescence sometimes also glandular puberulent. Herbs suffrutescent, densely soft-villous, hairs mostly appressed, 2–3 mm, becoming less villous distally, also strigillose, rarely glandular puberulent or hispidulous, plant parts grayish green; from deep, twisted, woody rootstock.
Stems

erect, usually green, rarely flushed with red, unbranched or with branches arising obliquely from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 60–180 cm.

erect, several-branched near ground, also branched proximal to inflorescences, 60–280 cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–30 × 2.5–5 cm, cauline 4–20 × 1–5 cm;

blade dull green, flat, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced;

bracts persistent.

in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.5–8 × 0.15–2 cm, sessile, blade narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate to very narrowly elliptic or linear, margins usually subentire or shallowly sinuate-dentate, sometimes deeply sinuate-dentate, often undulate.

Inflorescences

erect, usually unbranched, rarely with few lateral branches.

slender.

Flowers

opening near sunset;

buds erect, 7–12 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 0.5–3 mm;

floral tube persistent on ovary after anthesis, (60–)80–120(–160) mm;

sepals yellowish green, red-striped to red throughout, 30–55 mm;

petals yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, 40–50 mm;

filaments 23–30 mm, anthers 12–22 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

style 90–170(–200) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset;

floral tube 1.5–5 mm;

sepals 6–14 mm;

petals white, fading pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 7–13 mm, clawed;

stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower, filaments 4.5–11 mm, anthers 2–4.5 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

style 9–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 20–50 × 6–12 mm, free tips of valves 2.5–5 mm.

lanceoloid to narrowly ovoid, 4-winged, 9–19 × 1–3.5 mm, abruptly constricted to a long, sterile stipe 2–10 mm.

Seeds

1–1.2 × 0.7–1.3 mm.

(1 or)2–4, 2–3(–4) × 0.8–1.3 mm, yellowish to light brown or rarely reddish brown.

2n

= 14.

Oenothera jamesii

Oenothera cinerea

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Sandy stream banks, ditches, moist areas, cultivated areas, disturbed roadsides.
Elevation (30–)300–1800 m. ((100–)1000–5900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
KS; OK; TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Puebla) [Introduced in e Asia (Japan), s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands)]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
sc United States
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera jamesii has plastome I and a AA genome composition; it is known in the flora area from southern Kansas (Clark County), central Oklahoma, and Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined Oenothera cinerea to be self-incompatible. The two subspecies recognized here have disjunct distributions but are very similar morphologically.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs soft-villous, also strigillose or glandular puberulent.
subsp. cinerea
1. Herbs soft-villous, also hispidulous.
subsp. parksii
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stipogaura
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Subordinate taxa
O. cinerea subsp. cinerea, O. cinerea subsp. parksii
Synonyms Onagra jamesii, O. communis var. jamesii Gaura cinerea
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. (1840) (Wooton & Standley) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007)
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