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trumpet evening primrose

Texas beeblossom

Habit Herbs biennial or winter-annual, usually predominately and densely strigillose, sometimes also villous with scattered, appressed hairs, rarely with a few pustulate hairs, inflorescence sometimes also glandular puberulent. Herbs perennial, clumped, usually sparsely strigillose, rarely glabrate or sparsely villous, hairs erect, sometimes sparsely glandular puberulent distally; from twisted, woody rootstock.
Stems

erect, usually green, rarely flushed with red, unbranched or with branches arising obliquely from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 60–180 cm.

erect, branched below and just above ground, branched also proximal to inflorescences, (40–)60–250 cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–30 × 2.5–5 cm, cauline 4–20 × 1–5 cm;

blade dull green, flat, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced;

bracts persistent.

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–13 × 0.6–2.5 cm, blade spatulate to oblanceolate, cauline (1–)2.5–12 × 0.1–1 cm, blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to conspicuously sinuate-dentate.

Inflorescences

erect, usually unbranched, rarely with few lateral branches.

slender.

Flowers

opening near sunset;

buds erect, 7–12 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 0.5–3 mm;

floral tube persistent on ovary after anthesis, (60–)80–120(–160) mm;

sepals yellowish green, red-striped to red throughout, 30–55 mm;

petals yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, 40–50 mm;

filaments 23–30 mm, anthers 12–22 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

style 90–170(–200) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset;

floral tube 3–9 mm;

sepals 6–12 mm;

petals white, fading dark pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic-obovate, 7–11 mm;

stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower, filaments 3–7 mm, anthers 2.5–5 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

style 9.5–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 20–50 × 6–12 mm, free tips of valves 2.5–5 mm.

lanceoloid to narrowly ovoid, narrowly 4-winged, 7–12 × 1.5–2.5 mm, tapered to a sterile stipe 2–5 mm.

Seeds

1–1.2 × 0.7–1.3 mm.

(2 or)3 or 4(or 5), light brown or reddish brown, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Oenothera jamesii

Oenothera calcicola

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct). Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Sandy stream banks, ditches, moist areas, cultivated areas, disturbed roadsides. Dry limestone, gypsum, or caliche soil, slopes.
Elevation (30–)300–1800 m. ((100–)1000–5900 ft.) 400–1800(–2100) m. (1300–5900(–6900) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
KS; OK; TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Puebla) [Introduced in e Asia (Japan), s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands)]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera jamesii has plastome I and a AA genome composition; it is known in the flora area from southern Kansas (Clark County), central Oklahoma, and Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera calcicola occurs at mostly higher elevations and more montane areas than other species of subsect. Stipogaura, from the southern Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau regions of Texas southward into northern Mexico. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. calcicola to be self-incompatible. It is known to form hybrids with O. suffrutescens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stipogaura
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms Onagra jamesii, O. communis var. jamesii Gaura calcicola
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. (1840) (P. H. Raven & D. P. Gregory) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007)
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