Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera simulans |
|
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seabeach evening-primrose |
southern beeblossom |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs annual, glabrate, strigillose, and/or hirtellous; from taproot. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm. |
usually unbranched, sometimes several-branched from base, 60–180 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm; blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.8–13 × 0.1–1.6 cm; blade often red-blotched, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to conspicuously sinuate-dentate. |
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
3 or 4-merous, often mixed on a single plant, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 3–8 mm; sepals 2.5–8 mm; petals white, fading pink, narrowly elliptic-obovate, 4.5–8 mm; filaments 2.5–6 mm, anthers 0.5–2 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 7.5–19 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm. |
ellipsoid or ovoid, 3-(or 4-)angled, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
2–4, yellowish to light brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera simulans |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Nov. | Flowering (Feb–)May–Sep(–Nov). |
Habitat | Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. | Sandy soil in open woodlands, fields, roadsides, primarily in outer Coastal Plain. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
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FL; GA; NC; SC
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Discussion | Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera simulans occurs along the Coastal Plain from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, southward and throughout Florida. It is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). The species occasionally persists through mild winters in the southern part of its range, appearing biennial. Gaura fruticosa Jacquin 1786, not G. fruticosa Loefling 1758, is an illegitimate later homonym that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa | Gaura simulans, G. angustifolia, G. angustifolia var. eatonii, G. angustifolia var. simulans, G. angustifolia var. strigosa, G. eatonii |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) | (Small) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 213. (2007) |
Web links |