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seabeach evening-primrose

pubescent evening primrose, silky evening primrose, South American evening-primrose

Habit Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. Herbs annual or biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose, sometimes also villous and glandular puberulent distally; from a taproot.
Stems

erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm.

unbranched or with branched central stem and ascending to decumbent lateral branches arising from rosette, 5–50(–80) cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm;

blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire;

bracts spreading, flat.

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–14 × 0.5–2.5 cm, cauline 2–8 × 0.5–2.5 cm;

blade narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate to deeply lobed;

bracts spreading, flat.

Flowers

usually 1 opening per day near sunset;

buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm;

floral tube 15–35 mm;

sepals3–11 mm;

petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm;

filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile;

style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

usually 1 opening per day near sunset;

buds with free tips erect, 0.1–1 mm;

floral tube erect, becoming recurved and nodding, then erect again just before anthesis, 15–50 mm;

sepals 5–25 mm;

petals yellow, fading reddish orange, broadly obovate to obcordate, 5–25(–35) mm;

filaments 6–18 mm, anthers (2–)3–9 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile;

style 20–60 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm.

cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged distally, 20–45 ×2–4 mm.

Seeds

usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm.

brown, sometimes dark-flecked, 0.9–1.5 × 0.6–1 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Oenothera humifusa

Oenothera pubescens

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov. Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. Open sites in mon­tane habitats.
Elevation 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) (1300–)1500–2500(–3100) m. ((4300–)4900–8200(–10200) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico; West Indies; Central America (Guatemala); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera pubescens is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988).

Oenothera pubescens has been collected once in California in 1884 (Newberry Springs, San Bernardino County), where it was temporarily introduced or a natural occurrence that was extirpated. Collections from west Texas (Brewster, Jeff Davis, and Presidio counties) have been made since 1990 and a few others collected earlier were misidentified as O. laciniata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Nutantigemma
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa Anogra amplexicaulis, O. amplexicaulis, O. laciniata subsp. pubescens, Var. o. var. o., O. nyctaginiifolia, O. stuebelii, Raimannia colimae, R. confusa
Name authority Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) Willdenow ex Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 2: 229. (1825)
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