Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera organensis |
|
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seabeach evening-primrose |
Organ Mountain evening primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs perennial, moderately hirsute (hairs often with reddish purple, pustulate bases), alsostrigillose and becoming glandular puberulent distally; initially from slender taproot with single rosette, later developing numerous adventitious shoots from taproot and lateral roots, root system then appearing fibrous. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm. |
weakly erect to ascending, many from base, forming clumps 1–1.5 m diam., often branched distally, 30–60 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm; blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a weakly developed basal rosette and cauline, basal 9–23 × 1–2.5 cm, cauline 5–11 × 1.5–3.5 cm; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; blade very narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins undulate, remotely and bluntly dentate. |
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset, not strongly scented; buds with free tips terminal, erect, 3–10 mm; floral tube straight, 100–165(–190) mm; sepals 25–50 mm; petals yellow, fading deep reddish orange, broadly obovate with truncate apex, or obcordate, 30–55 mm; filaments 18–35 mm, anthers 10–19 mm; style 140–235 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm. |
erect to slightly spreading at acute angle from stem, cylindrical, 25–35 ×4–5.5 mm, dehiscent at least 3/4 their length. |
Seeds | usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
numerous, in 2 distinct rows per locule, dark reddish brown, sometimes with darker flecks, obovoid, asymmetrical, irregularly angled, 1.5–2.1 × 1–1.2 mm, surface irregularly pitted and with collapsed papillae. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera organensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Nov. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. | In larger rhyolite canyons, along water courses, in eroded basins filled with gravel and rocks. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 1800–2300 m. (5900–7500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
|
NM |
Discussion | Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera organensis is known only from the Organ Mountains, Doña Ana County, especially on the east side. Various studies have been done to assess the status of this narrow endemic and estimate 2000 to 5000 individuals with wide fluctuations likely due to variation in rainfall (W. Dietrich et al. 1985). Oenothera organensis could decline if degradation of habitat increases in the Organ Mountains. The genetics and population biology of this taxon have been heavily studied in the past (summarized in Dietrich et al.). It is self-incompatible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Emersonia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa | O. macrosiphon |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) | Munz ex S. Emerson: Genetics 23: 190. (1938) |
Web links |