Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera longissima |
|
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seabeach evening-primrose |
long evening primrose, long-stem evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, sparsely strigillose, sometimes also villous and with pustulate hairs near inflorescence, sometimes also glandular puberulent. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm. |
erect, usually flushed with red proximally or sometimes green, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from base, secondary branches arising from main stem, 60–300 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm; blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 9–40 × 1.4–5 cm, cauline 5–22 × 0.8–2.5 cm; blade dull green, flat, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced; bracts persistent. |
Inflorescences | open, erect, unbranched. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 5–9 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 2–6 mm; floral tube deciduous after anthesis, 60–135 mm; sepals yellowish green, flushed with some red or red to dark red throughout, 25–55 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, 28–65 mm; filaments 20–40 mm, anthers 14–20 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 90–180 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 25–55 × 4–9 mm, free tips of valves 1–2(–3) mm. |
Seeds | usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
1–1.9 × 0.6–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera longissima |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Nov. | Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. | Seasonally moist sites, sandy or sandy-loam soil, sites with high alkalinity or associated with limestone, along desert washes, streams, seeps, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 800–2800 m. (2600–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
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AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; UT
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Discussion | Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera longissima has plastome I and a AA genome composition. Oenothera longissima is known from northern and western Arizona, Inyo, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino counties in California, Delta and Montezuma counties in Colorado, eastern Nevada, San Juan County in New Mexico, and southern Utah. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa | O. clutei, O. longissima subsp. clutei, O. longissima var. clutei |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) | Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 65. (1913) |
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