Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera harringtonii |
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seabeach evening-primrose |
Colorado Springs evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs robust spring annual or, rarely, surviving a second year, caulescent, hirtellous, also glandular puberulent; from stout taproot. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm. |
ascending to erect, stout, unbranched or with lateral stems from basal rosette, densely leafy, 15–30 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm; blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire; bracts spreading, flat. |
10–14(–14.5) × 1.5–2.3(–3) cm; petiole 4.3–6.6 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, margins irregularly and coarsely dentate, apex acute. |
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
usually 5–10 per stem opening per day near sunset, with heavy, sweet scent; buds erect; floral tube 31–60 mm; sepals 17–26 mm; petals white, fading pale pink, 20–26 mm; filaments 11–16 mm, anthers 8–11 mm; style 65–96 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm. |
straight, lanceoloid, obtusely 4-angled, (21–)25–30(–35) × (5–)6–8 mm, tapering to a sterile beak 6–8 mm, dehiscent 1/2–2/3 their length, valve margins with 5–8 conspicuous, irregular tubercles, sometimes 2 or more coalesced into a sinuate ridge, also with conspicuous medial ridge throughout; pedicel 0.5–1 mm. |
Seeds | usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
numerous, usually in 2 distinct rows per locule, sometimes rows partially overlapping, narrowly obovoid, 2.1–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm, embryo slightly less than 1/2 seed volume, surface appearing finely striate but papillose under magnification; seed collar with membrane intact at maturity, membrane rarely splitting and separating from collar, margin entire. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera harringtonii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Nov. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. | On compacted, silty clay to looser rocky and sandy soil in open grassland. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 1400–1900 m. (4600–6200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
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CO |
Discussion | Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera harringtonii is known only from southeastern Colorado from western El Paso and eastern Fremont counties, southeast through Pueblo to Otero counties, and south to Las Animas County; it may also occur in adjacent Colfax and Union counties in New Mexico but has not been collected there. Oenothera harringtonii is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; Wagner 2005). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Pachylophus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) | W. L. Wagner, Stockhouse & W. M. Klein: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 195. (1983) |
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