Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera glazioviana |
|
---|---|---|
seabeach evening-primrose |
garden evening-primrose, large-flower evening primrose, red-sepal evening-primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose and villous, with spreading, red-pustulate hairs, also glandular puberulent and with only a few appressed hairs near inflorescence. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm. |
erect, green or flushed with red on proximal parts, sometimes inflorescence axis red, usually withside branches obliquely arising from rosette and secondary branches from main stem, 50–150 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm; blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 13–30 × 3–5 cm, cauline 5–15 × 2.5–4 cm; blade dark to bright green, white- or red-veined, narrowly oblanceolate to oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic to lanceolate distally, margins usually conspicuously crinkled, sometimes undulate, bluntly dentate, teeth widely spaced, sometimes sinuate-dentate proximally or lobed; bracts persistent. |
Inflorescences | erect, unbranched. |
|
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 7–9 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect to spreading, 5–8 mm; floral tube 35–50 mm; sepals yellowish green, usually flushed with red or red-striped, sometimes very dark red throughout, 28–45 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading yellowish white and somewhat translucent, very broadly obcordate, 35–50 mm; filaments 17–25 mm, anthers 10–12 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 50–80 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green when dry, lanceoloid, 20–35 × 5–6 mm, free tips of valves 0.8–1.5 mm. |
Seeds | usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
1.3–2 ×1–1.5 mm, ca. 50% abortive. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera glazioviana |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Nov. | Flowering (Jun–)Jul–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. | Open, disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 20–600(–1400) m. (100–2000(–4600) ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
|
AL; AR; CA; CT; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OR; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; MB; NS; ON; QC [Introduced in North America; introduced nearly worldwide in temperate and subtropical regions]
|
Discussion | Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera glazioviana originated by hybridization between two cultivated or naturalized species in Europe and was introduced into the horticultural trade by Carter and Company of England in 1860 (R. E. Cleland 1972; P. H. Raven et al. 1979). The oldest name applied to this entity was based on plants cultivated in Rio de Janeiro in 1868; clearly, O. glazioviana must have spread very rapidly. Oenothera glazioviana is a PTH species and forms a ring of 12 chromosomes and 1 bivalent in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich et al. 1997). It has plastome II or III and a AB genome composition. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa | O. erythrosepala, O. grandiflora subsp. erythrosepala, Onagra erythrosepala |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) | Micheli in C. F. P. von Martius et al.: Fl. Brasil. 13(2): 178. (1875) |
Web links |
|