Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera filipes |
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seabeach evening-primrose |
slenderstalk beeblossom |
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Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs perennial, clumped, sparsely to densely strigillose, inflorescence usually glabrous or glandular puberulent, sometimes proximalmost parts villous, hairs erect, 1–2 mm; from heavy, twisted, woody rootstock. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm. |
erect, branched below and just above ground, branched also proximal to inflorescences, 60–250(–300) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm; blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, (1–)3–9 × (0.1–)0.5–1.3 cm, blade linear or narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to coarsely sinuate-dentate. |
Inflorescences | slender, often well-branched, buds small and well-spaced. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 2.5–6 mm; sepals 5–12.5 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 5–10 mm, clawed; stamens presented evenly around flower parts, filaments 3–8.5 mm, anthers 1.4–4 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 8.5–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm. |
ovoid, narrowly 4-winged or 4-angled, 5–10 × 1.5–2 mm, abruptly constricted to a sterile stipe 0.5–4.5 mm. |
Seeds | usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
1 or 2, yellowish to reddish brown, 1.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera filipes |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Nov. | Flowering May–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. | Sandy hills and flats, open woods. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
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AL; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; SC; TN
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Discussion | Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera filipes occurs marginally in several states, including: southernmost Illinois and southern Indiana; northern Florida; southeastern Mississippi; and, Washington Parish, Louisiana. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. filipes to be self-incompatible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stipogaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa | Gaura filipes, G. filipes var. major, G. michauxii |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) | (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) |
Web links |