Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera cordata |
|
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seabeach evening-primrose |
heartleaf evening primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs annual or biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose, glandular puberulent or sometimes also sparsely villous distally. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm. |
unbranched or branched primarily distally, 25–70 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm; blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–12 × 0.7–2 cm, cauline 2–10 ×0.5–3 cm; subsessile; blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, gradually narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate distally, margins lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts shorter than capsule they subtend, 0.5–1.7 cm. |
Inflorescences | open, lax, usually unbranched, mature buds usually overtopping spike apex. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
1–few per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 1–3 mm; floral tube nearly straight, 20–40 mm; sepals 15–25 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to rhombic-ovate, 20–30 mm; filaments 17–22 mm, anthers 4–7 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 50–65 mm, stigma usually exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm. |
narrowly lanceoloid, 15–33 × 2–3 mm. |
Seeds | usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
dark brown, ellipsoid, 1–1.4 ×0.4–0.6 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera cordata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Nov. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. | Sandy, open places in oak woodlands. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 30–200 m. (100–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
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TX |
Discussion | Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera cordata is self-incompatible. It occurs in a narrow range in eastern Texas (Austin, Bastrop, Colorado, Fayette, Guadalupe, Goliad, Matagorda, San Patricio, Victoria, Waller, and Wilson). It apparently occasionally hybridizes with O. heterophylla subsp. heterophylla where their ranges come together. Oenothera bifrons D. Don 1838 (not Lindley 1831) pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Candela |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) | J. W. Loudon: Ladies’ Flower-gard. Ornam. Perenn. 1: 167. (1843) |
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