Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera albicaulis |
|
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seabeach evening-primrose |
white-stem evening-primrose, whitest evening primrose, whitish evening primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, also becoming glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs winter-annual, densely strigillose, also sparsely villous; from a taproot. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, much branched, 10–50(–90) cm. |
ascending to decumbent, 1–several from base, sometimes unbranched, erect or ascending, 5–30 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 0.7–1 cm, cauline 1–7 × 0.3–1.5 cm; blade usually grayish green, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, margins remotely shallowly dentate to subentire; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 1.5–10 × 0.3–2.5 cm; blade oblanceolate to oblong, margins subentire or coarsely dentate or pinnatifid. |
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect and appressed or slightly spreading, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 23–45 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
1–3 opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, without free tips; floral tube 15–30 mm, mouth glabrous; sepals 15–30 mm; petals white, fading pink, usually obcordate, sometimes obovate, (15–)20–35(–40) mm; filaments 11–17 mm, anthers 6–10 mm; style 25–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 15–45 × 2–3 mm. |
ascending to erect, usually straight, sometimes curved, cylindrical, weakly 4-angled, 20–40 × 3–4 mm, dehiscent 1/2 their length; sessile. |
Seeds | usually ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, 1–2 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
in 2 rows per locule, ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 mm, surface regularly pitted, pits in longitudinal lines. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera humifusa |
Oenothera albicaulis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Nov. | Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jun(–Dec). |
Habitat | Dunes, open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast. | Dry, usually sandy flats and slopes. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 1000–2300 m. (3300–7500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; PA; SC; VA; Dunes; open sandy places along or near Atlantic coast; West Indies (Cuba); Bermuda
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AZ; CO; ID; KS; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; UT; WY; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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Discussion | Oenothera humifusa is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). The inland collection from Iredell County, North Carolina, presumably represents an introduction. There are two geographically separated morphological forms of O. humifusa. Plants of one form are somewhat decumbent, with subentire cauline leaves and bracts; this form occurs in the southern part of the range. The other form is more upright, with more deeply divided leaves; it occurs from North Carolina northward. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera albicaulis is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). Oenothera albicaulis has been reported from southern Nevada, but documentation is needed of its occurrence there. Anogra pinnatifida Spach, Baumannia pinnatifida Spach, Oenothera pinnatifida Nuttall, O. purshiana Steudel, and O. purshii G. Don are illegitimate names that pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Kleinia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. niveifolia, O. sinuata var. humifusa, Raimannia humifusa | Anogra albicaulis, A. bradburiana, A. buffumii, A. confusa, A. ctenophylla, A. perplexa, O. albicaulis var. xanthosperma, O. ctenophylla, O. sinuata var. bicolor |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 245. (1818) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 733. (1813) |
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