Oenothera howardii |
Oenothera triangulata |
|
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Howard's evening-primrose |
prairie beeblossom |
|
Habit | Herbs acaulescent or sometimes caulescent, moderately to densely strigillose and glandular puberulent, sometimes also sparsely to moderately hirsute; from a taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. | Herbs annual, villous proximally, sparsely villous along veins and on margins, usually glabrate, sometimes strigillose distally; from taproot. |
Stems | (when present) ascending, longer ones becoming decumbent, leafy, sometimes densely so, 0–10(–30) cm. |
ascending, usually well-branched from base and distally, rarely unbranched, 15–60 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette, sometimes also cauline, (6–)8.5–17(–23) × (0.5–)1–2(–3) cm; petiole 2–7.5 cm; blade usually oblanceolate, elliptic to narrowly oblong, rarely lanceolate, margins often undulate, entire or remotely and irregularly pinnately lobed mostly in proximal 1/2, rarely more regularly pinnately lobed and lobing extending to distal 1/2, sinuses usually extending less than 1/2 to midrib, lobes triangular to oblong or linear, (1–)4–9(–13) mm, apex acute to obtuse. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 1.5–8 × 0.2–0.6(–1.5) cm, blade very narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, margins entire or weakly sinuate-dentate. |
Flowers | usually 1 or 2, rarely more, opening per day near sunset, strongly and sweetly scented; buds with unequal free tips 1–3(–4) mm; floral tube (43–)60–110(–125) mm; sepals (30–)35–60(–80) mm; petals brilliant yellow, fading deep red, drying deep reddish purple to reddish brown, usually broadly obovate, rarely subrhombic, (30–)40–60(–73) mm, sometimes with a terminal tooth; filaments (19–)25–38 mm, anthers 10–17 mm; style(90–)110–145(–165) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
3(or 4)-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 4–5.5 mm; sepals 4.5–6 mm; petals white, fading pink, elliptic-obovate, 3.5–5 mm; filaments 2–3.5 mm, anthers 1.5–3 mm, pollen 35–65% fertile; style 9–10 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers. |
Capsules | leathery, ovoid, narrowly ovoid, or narrowly lanceoloid to broadly ellipsoid, winged, wings (2–)4–7(–11) mm wide, body (20–)25–50(–80) × 4–6 mm, dehiscent 1/4–1/3 their length; pedicel 2–6 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, 3(or 4)-winged, furrowed between wings, 7–9 × 3–5 mm, narrowed at base; sessile. |
Seeds | numerous, usually in 1 row per locule, rarely in 2 rows toward base, obovoid to subcuboid, 3–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm. |
(1 or)2–5, yellowishto light brown, 1.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 28, 42, 56. |
= 14. |
Oenothera howardii |
Oenothera triangulata |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Open or rocky areas, in shale, fine-textured sandstones, clays, gypsum, or limestone from High Plains grasslands, open sites in pinyon-juniper woodlands, ponderosa pine-Douglas fir forests. | Open, sandy sites. |
Elevation | (1000–)1500–2300(–3000) m. ((3300–)4900–7500(–9800) ft.) | 200–600 m. (700–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
CO; KS; NV; UT; WY
|
OK; TX |
Discussion | Oenotherahowardii is known from three disjunct areas: three collections on the High Plains (Baca and Otero counties, Colorado, and Hamilton County, Kansas); open yucca-juniper grassland, rocky slopes or disturbed areas on shale substrates along the Colorado counties of Boulder, Denver, Jefferson, and Larimer, and just over the state line in Wyoming; and, common to scattered, mostly on rocky slopes but also in shaded canyon sites on fine-textured red sandstones, clays, gypsum, chalky white degraded limestone or limestone in pinyon-juniper woodland to ponderosa pine-Douglas fir forest in southern Utah and eastern Nevada. A. Nelson intended to publish Lavauxia howardii as a new combination and base it on Oenothera howardii M. E. Jones (1893), which was not validly published at the time, but inadvertently published L. howardii as a new species. Oenothera howardii (A. Nelson) W. L. Wagner is an isonym. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera triangulata is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis. The species is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). It may have been derived from hybridization between O. patriciae and O. suffulta. The species has a relatively narrow distribution across south-central Oklahoma and north-central Texas (Oklahoma in Cleveland, Comanche, Cotton, Grady, Oklahoma, Rogers, Stephens, and Tulsa counties; Texas in Archer, Baylor, Callahan, Clay, Coleman, Crosby, Eastland, Erath, Jones, Montague, Taylor, Throckmorton, Tom Greene, Wichita, Wilbarger, and Young counties). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Megapterium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lavauxiahowardii a. | Gaura triangulata, G. hexandra var. triangulata, G. tripetala var. triangulata |
Name authority | (A. Nelson) M. E. Jones ex Prain in B. D. Jackson et al.: Index Kew., suppl. 3: 121. (1908) — (as howardi) | (Buckley) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 214. (2007) |
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