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Nuttall's evening primrose

Habit Herbs perennial, spreading by rhizomes (forming colonies), strigillose, often also villous; from taproot. Herbs perennial, mostly glabrous, sometimes strigillose on leaves and/or glandular puberulent on distal parts, at least on floral tube; from a taproot, lateral roots producing adventitious shoots.
Stems

ascending to decumbent, several-branched from base, usually also irregularly branched distally, sometimes with a single, unbranched stem, 20–60(–120) cm.

erect, often branched, 30–100 cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.5–7.5(–9.5) × 0.1–2.2 cm, blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, margins subentire or shallowly sinuate-dentate.

in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette weakly developed or absent, at least during flowering, 2–6(–10.5) × 0.3–0.6(–1) cm;

petiole 0–2 cm;

blade narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, margins usually entire, sometimes remotely denticulate or repand-denticulate.

Flowers

4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset;

floral tube 4–14 mm;

sepals 7–11(–14) mm;

petals white, fading red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 6–10 mm, clawed;

filaments 4–8.5 mm, anthers 3–6 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

style 12–26 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

1–several opening per day near sunset;

buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, with free tips 1–2 mm;

floral tube 15–40 mm;

sepals 20–30 mm, not spotted;

petals white, fading pink, broadly obovate or obcordate,15–30 mm;

filaments 15–18 mm, anthers 8–10 mm;

style 35–45 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

erect, pyramidal in distal 1/2, conspicuously bulging at base of distal pyramidal part, strongly 4-angled, conspicuously bulging at base, abruptly constricted to terete proximal part, 7–13 × 3–5 mm;

sessile.

erect or ascending, woody in age, straight or slightly curved, cylindrical, obtusely 4-angled, especially toward base, tapering slightly from base to apex, 20–30 × 2–3 mm;

sessile.

Seeds

(2 or)3 or 4(–8), reddish brown, 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 mm.

numerous, in 1 row per locule, reddish dark brown, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.3 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 14, 28.

Oenothera hispida

Oenothera nuttallii

Phenology Flowering May–Jul(–Nov). Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Sandy loam. Dry, sandy or rocky prairies, open wooded hillsides, disturbed areas, roadsides.
Elevation 60–1900 m. (200–6200 ft.) 500–2200(–2900) m. (1600–7200(–9500) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CA; GA; TX; c Mexico
from FNA
CO; IL; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; SD; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera hispida is native across the eastern half of Texas, south through Mexico to Oaxaca and Puebla; it is naturalized in Sevier County, Arkansas, coastal southern California, and Glynn County Georgia.

P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) reported Oenothera hispida to be self-incompatible. It occasionally forms hybrids with O. suffrutescens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera nuttallii had been assumed to be self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007), but K. E. Theiss et al. (2010) determined two plants to be self-compatible.

Anogra nuttalliana Spach and Baumannia nuttalliana Spach are illegitimate names that pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Xenogaura Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms Gaura hispida, G. crispa, G. drummondii, G. roemeriana, O. xenogaura, Schizocarya crispa, S. drummondii O. albicaulis, O. albicaulis var. nuttallii
Name authority (Bentham) W. L. Wagner, Hoch & Zarucchi: PhytoKeys 50: 26. (2015) Sweet: Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 199. (1830)
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