Oenothera hispida |
Oenothera curtiflora |
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lizard-tail, small-flower bee-blossom, small-flower gaura, velvet weed |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, spreading by rhizomes (forming colonies), strigillose, often also villous; from taproot. | Herbs annual, strigillose, glandular puberulent, and long-villous; from heavy taproot, 2–4 cm diam. |
Stems | ascending to decumbent, several-branched from base, usually also irregularly branched distally, sometimes with a single, unbranched stem, 20–60(–120) cm. |
erect, unbranched or many-branched distally, (20–)30–200(–300) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.5–7.5(–9.5) × 0.1–2.2 cm, blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, margins subentire or shallowly sinuate-dentate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1.5–3 cm, petiole 0–1.8 cm, blade broadly oblanceolate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate; cauline 2–13 × 0.5–5 cm, petiole 0–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate. |
Inflorescences | relatively long, dense. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 4–14 mm; sepals 7–11(–14) mm; petals white, fading red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 6–10 mm, clawed; filaments 4–8.5 mm, anthers 3–6 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 12–26 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 1.5–5 mm; sepals 2–3.5 mm; petals white, fading pale to dark pink, slightly unequal, oblong-obovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, 1.5–3 mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 1.5–3 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 3–9 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | erect, pyramidal in distal 1/2, conspicuously bulging at base of distal pyramidal part, strongly 4-angled, conspicuously bulging at base, abruptly constricted to terete proximal part, 7–13 × 3–5 mm; sessile. |
fusiform, terete, weakly angled in distal 1/3, angles becoming broad and rounded in proximal part, 5–11 × 1.5–3 mm, tapering abruptly toward base; sessile. |
Seeds | (2 or)3 or 4(–8), reddish brown, 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 mm. |
3 or 4, reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
= 14. |
Oenothera hispida |
Oenothera curtiflora |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul(–Nov). | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Oct. |
Habitat | Sandy loam. | Rocky prairie slopes, woodlands, along streams, roadsides, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 60–1900 m. (200–6200 ft.) | 10–2800 m. (0–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; CA; GA; TX; c Mexico |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MN; MO; MT; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WY; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Zacatecas) [Introduced in South America (Argentina), Asia (China, Japan), Australia]
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Discussion | Oenothera hispida is native across the eastern half of Texas, south through Mexico to Oaxaca and Puebla; it is naturalized in Sevier County, Arkansas, coastal southern California, and Glynn County Georgia. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) reported Oenothera hispida to be self-incompatible. It occasionally forms hybrids with O. suffrutescens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera curtiflora is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). Sometimes it is apparently a biennial. The species is native to grassland regions and open areas across much of interior North America. The full extent of its indigenous range is not clear and collections from the eastern half of the United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Tennessee) and California may be more recent introductions. Gaura mollis Nuttall ex Torrey 1827 is an isonym of G. mollis E. James 1822, a suppressed name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura hispida, G. crispa, G. drummondii, G. roemeriana, O. xenogaura, Schizocarya crispa, S. drummondii | Gaura parviflora, G. australis, G. hirsuta, G. micrantha, G. parviflora var. lachnocarpa, Schizocarya micrantha |
Name authority | (Bentham) W. L. Wagner, Hoch & Zarucchi: PhytoKeys 50: 26. (2015) | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) |
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