Oenothera heterophylla |
Oenothera nutans |
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variableleaf evening primrose |
nodding evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, sparsely to densely strigillose, inflorescence sometimes also sparsely glandular puberulent, villous, or sparsely hirsute with spreading, pustulate-based hairs, or sometimes glabrate. | Herbs biennial, often appearing glabrous to naked eye, usually strigillose and sparsely to moderately villous proximal to inflorescence, hairs translucent and with or without pustules, pustules not red (in fresh material), inflorescence glabrous, glandular puberulent, or strigillose and glandular puberulent. | ||||
Stems | unbranched or branched mainly in distal part, 25–70 cm. |
erect, red on proximal parts, green on distal ones, rarely red throughout, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 30–200 cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 7–15 × 1–2.5 cm, cauline 3–13 ×0.4–2.3 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate to oblanceolate, gradually narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate or elliptic distally, margins deeply lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts longer than capsule they subtend, 1–3 cm. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–32 × 3–7 cm, cauline 6–20 × 2–8 cm; blade green to pale green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, or narrowly elliptic, sometimes lanceolate distally, margins usually flat, rarely undulate, bluntly dentate, teeth widely spaced, sometimes sinuate-dentate proximally; bracts caducous. |
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Inflorescences | dense, often with several lateral branches, mature buds usually overtopping spike apex. |
erect, unbranched or with secondary branches just proximal to main one. |
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Flowers | 2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect or spreading, 1–6 mm; floral tube nearly straight, 25–47 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to nearly rhombic, 18–35 mm; filaments 15–30 mm, anthers 3–8 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 45–75 mm, stigma usually exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 4–6 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 1.5–6 mm; floral tube 30–43 mm; sepals yellowish green or flushed with red, 10–23 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading pale yellowish white, very broadly obcordate, 14–25(–30) mm; filaments 10–25 mm, anthers 4–10 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 35–63 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | lanceoloid, 13–25 × 2.5–4 mm. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to narrowly ovoid, 12–36 × 3–6 mm, free tips of valves 1–1.5 mm. |
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Seeds | brown, often flecked with darker spots, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 1.1–1.8 × 0.4–0.8 mm. |
1–1.9 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera heterophylla |
Oenothera nutans |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). | |||||
Habitat | Open, often disturbed sites, stream beds, flood plains, slopes, margins of mixed deciduous forests, roadsides, old fields. | |||||
Elevation | (200–)400–1700 m. ((700–)1300–5600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
s United States |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera nutans is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes or a ring of 12 and 1 bivalent in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich et al. 1997). It has plastome III and a BB genome composition. The disjunct occurrences of O. nutans in Arkansas and Missouri probably represent unintentional introductions by humans. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Raimannia heterophylla | O. austromontana, O. biennis subsp. austromontana, O. biennis var. austromontana, O. biennis var. nutans | ||||
Name authority | Spach: Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 348. (1836) | G. F. Atkinson & Bartlett: Rhodora 15: 83. (1913) | ||||
Web links |