Oenothera heterophylla |
Oenothera grandiflora |
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variableleaf evening primrose |
large-flower evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, sparsely to densely strigillose, inflorescence sometimes also sparsely glandular puberulent, villous, or sparsely hirsute with spreading, pustulate-based hairs, or sometimes glabrate. | Herbs biennial, often appearing glabrous to naked eye, usually sparsely to moderately strigillose and villous with pustulate, translucent hairs proximal to inflorescence, pustules not red (in fresh material), inflorescence glabrous, glandular puberulent, or strigillose and glandular puberulent. | ||||
Stems | unbranched or branched mainly in distal part, 25–70 cm. |
erect, red on proximal parts, usually green on distal ones, rarely red throughout, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 100–300(–400) cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 7–15 × 1–2.5 cm, cauline 3–13 ×0.4–2.3 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate to oblanceolate, gradually narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate or elliptic distally, margins deeply lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts longer than capsule they subtend, 1–3 cm. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 18–32 × (2–)3–6.5 cm, cauline 6–20 × 1.5–6.5 cm; blade soft and thin, bright green, usually flat, rarely undulate, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, or narrowly elliptic to elliptic, sometimes narrowly ovate distally, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced, sometimes sinuate-dentate proximally or lobed; bracts usually caducous. |
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Inflorescences | dense, often with several lateral branches, mature buds usually overtopping spike apex. |
erect, often with secondary or tertiary branches just proximal to main one. |
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Flowers | 2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect or spreading, 1–6 mm; floral tube nearly straight, 25–47 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to nearly rhombic, 18–35 mm; filaments 15–30 mm, anthers 3–8 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 45–75 mm, stigma usually exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 5–9 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 2–9 mm; floral tube 35–55 mm; sepals yellowish green or flushed with red, 22–46 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading pale yellowish white, very broadly obcordate or obovate, (25–)30–45 mm; filaments 18–27 mm, anthers 10–15 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 57–90 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | lanceoloid, 13–25 × 2.5–4 mm. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to narrowly ovoid, 15–35 × 3.5–5.5 mm, free tips of valves 0.5–2.5 mm. |
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Seeds | brown, often flecked with darker spots, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, 1.1–1.8 × 0.4–0.8 mm. |
1–1.7 × 0.6–1.2 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera heterophylla |
Oenothera grandiflora |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug(–Sep). | |||||
Habitat | Scattered, presumably relictual populations on chalky bluffs, loose sand over limestone, along streams, marshes, ditches, roadsides. | |||||
Elevation | 20–600 m. (100–2000 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
s United States |
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TN |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera grandiflora has a scattered distribution, from the eastern half of Mississippi and Alabama, east to Tennessee (Franklin and Marion counties), North Carolina (Cherokee, Macon, Martin, Moore, New Hanover, Sampson, and Swain counties), South Carolina (Oconee, Spartanburg, and Sumter counties), and Florida (Alachua, Escambia, Franklin, Lake, Leon, Polk, Putnam, and Santa Rosa counties). Collections from southern Canada, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia almost certainly represent cultivated plants, garden escapes, or adventive populations, and the single locality from central Kentucky also may be an introduction; it is sometimes a colonizer in disturbed sites such as along roads. Oenothera grandiflora has plastome III and a BB genome composition. As summarized by W. Dietrich et al. (1997), some populations of O. grandiflora seem to be entirely or mostly composed of self-incompatible individuals, whereas others consist of self-compatible plants. This is an extremely uncommon phenomenon within a single species of Oenothera; the only other species known to exhibit mixed populations of self-incompatible and self-compatible individuals is O. primiveris. Oenothera grandiflora Lamarck 1798, being a later homonym of O. grandiflora L’Héritier 1789, pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Raimannia heterophylla | O. biennis var. grandiflora, O. grandiflora var. glabra, O. grandiflora var. pubescens, O. lamarckiana, O. spectabilis | ||||
Name authority | Spach: Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 348. (1836) | L’Héritier in W. Aiton: Hort. Kew. 2: 2. (1789) | ||||
Web links |