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Havard's evening primrose

shortfruit evening-primrose

Habit Herbs compact to sprawling, strigillose; from a taproot, lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. Herbs acaulescent or sometimes caulescent, strigillose, also hirsute, hairs often with reddish purple pustulate base, glandular puberulent distally; from a woody taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots.
Stems

usually many-branched, sometimes unbranched, often twining among vegetation, sometimes rooting at nodes, 5–25(–70) cm.

(when present) ascending, longer ones becoming decumbent, usually densely leafy, 0–20(–36) cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal usually quickly deciduous, (1–)2–5 × (0.2–)0.5–1.5 cm;

petiole 0–0.6 cm;

blade oblanceolate, linear-lanceolate to linear distally, margins few toothed to pinnately lobed to sinuate-dentate distally.

in a basal rosette, sometimes also cauline, (3.1–)5–21(–34) × (0.3–)1.5–3.5(–5.3) cm;

petiole (0.8–)2.5–11(–15) cm;

blade usually lanceolate to elliptic, rhombic-obovate, sometimes suborbicular or linear, usually irregularly pinnatifid, some sinuses extending nearly to midrib, usually with a large terminal lobe (0.1–)1.5–2(–2.4) cm, margins erose, apex acute to obtuse or rounded.

Flowers

1–few opening per day near sunset;

buds often twisted, free tips coherent;

floral tube (37–)45–60(–65) mm;

sepals (16–)18–26(–30) mm;

petals lemon-yellow, fading orange-red to reddish purple, usually elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, (18–)21–30(–32) mm;

filaments 15–18(–22) mm, anthers red, 6–13 mm;

style (55–)65–86(–94) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

usually 1–3, rarely more, opening per day near sunset, weakly scented;

buds with unequal free tips 1–7 mm;

floral tube (90–)120–210(–220) mm;

sepals 38–55 mm;

petals pale yellow to yellow, fading pale orange to pink, drying lavender to purple, usually broadly rhombic-obovate, sometimes obovate, (38–)45–58(–62) mm, distal margin usually erose;

filaments (16–)20–32 mm, anthers (8–)13–21 mm;

style (123–)155–240(–255) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

woody, narrowly ovoid to ovoid, 4-angled, 8–13(–16) × 3–4 mm, apex tapering to a short sterile beak 2–3 mm, valves with a prominent, broad midrib and capsule appearing 8-ribbed, tardily dehiscent ca. 1/3 capsule length.

leathery or corky, ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, ± winged, wings 0–3(–5) mm wide, sometimes capsule with corky thickening between wings, then capsule only 4-angled, body (12–)18–40 × 6–10 mm, dehiscent 1/4 their length;

pedicel 0–3 mm.

Seeds

2–2.5(–3.3) × 1.2–1.5 mm, sometimes with a small wing at distal end or a raised ridge along one longitudinal margin.

usually numerous, in 1 or 2 rows per locule, obovoid to subcuboid, 3–5 × 1.8–2.2 mm.

2n

= 14, 28.

= 14.

Oenothera havardii

Oenothera brachycarpa

Phenology Flowering Apr–Oct. Flowering Mar–Aug.
Habitat In depressions, seasonally wet flats, stream banks, margins of irrigated fields, sandy or clay soil, among tufted grasses like Sporobolus wrightii, primarily in Chihuahuan Desert. Rocky sites, usually on limestone, shale, or gypsum, on igneous substrates from canyons and slopes in Chihuahuan Desert scrub, grasslands, oak-pine-juniper woodlands, open sites in ponderosa pine-Douglas fir forests.
Elevation 1300–2000 m. (4300–6600 ft.) 1000–2700 m. (3300–8900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Oenothera havardii ranges from Brewster and Presidio counties, Texas, and Cochise County, Arizona, south to Durango and Zacatecas, Mexico. W. L. Wagner (1984) found that O. havardii is self-incompatible and vespertine.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenotherabrachycarpa occurs from southeastern Arizona in southern Navajo, southeastern Pima, Graham, Santa Cruz, and Cochise counties, east across southern New Mexico to Val Verde and Pecos counties in trans-Pecos Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Paradoxus Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Megapterium
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms Hartmannia havardii, H. palmeri Lavauxia brachycarpa, L. graminifolia, L. wrightii, Megapterium brachycarpum, M. brachycarpum var. wrightii, O. australis, O. brachycarpa var. wrightii, O. cespitosa subsp. australis, O. cespitosa var. australis, O. graminifolia, O. wrightii, Pachylophus australis
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 366. (1885) — (as havardi) A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 70. (1852)
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