Oenothera hartwegii |
Oenothera simulans |
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Fendler evening primrose, Hartweg's sundrops |
southern beeblossom |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, strigillose, glandular puberulent, glabrous, hirtellous, or short-pilose; from a stout taproot. | Herbs annual, glabrate, strigillose, and/or hirtellous; from taproot. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–many, erect to ascending, unbranched to densely branched, 4–60 cm. |
usually unbranched, sometimes several-branched from base, 60–180 cm. |
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Leaves | 0.3–6.5 × 0.04–1.2 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves 0.1–1.5 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.2 cm; blade elliptic, lanceolate, linear, or filiform to ovate or oblanceolate, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes obovate to spatulate, base attenuate to obtuse, truncate, or subcordate, sometimes clasping, margins entire or serrate, often undulate, apex acute. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.8–13 × 0.1–1.6 cm; blade often red-blotched, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to conspicuously sinuate-dentate. |
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Flowers | usually 1 per stem opening per day in afternoon or near sunset; buds with free tips 0.5–6 mm; floral tube 16–50(–60) mm, funnelform in distal 1/2 or less; sepals 7–28 mm; petals yellow, fading pale pinkish or pale purple, 10–35 mm; filaments 4–13 mm, anthers 5–13 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 25–65(–75) mm, stigma yellow, quadrangular, usually exserted beyond anthers. |
3 or 4-merous, often mixed on a single plant, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 3–8 mm; sepals 2.5–8 mm; petals white, fading pink, narrowly elliptic-obovate, 4.5–8 mm; filaments 2.5–6 mm, anthers 0.5–2 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 7.5–19 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers. |
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Capsules | 6–40 × 2–4 mm, hard, promptly dehiscent throughout their length. |
ellipsoid or ovoid, 3-(or 4-)angled, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; sessile. |
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Seeds | obovoid, 1–2.5 mm. |
2–4, yellowish to light brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
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2n | = 14, 28. |
= 14. |
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Oenothera hartwegii |
Oenothera simulans |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)May–Sep(–Nov). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy soil in open woodlands, fields, roadsides, primarily in outer Coastal Plain. | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
c United States; sw United States; n Mexico
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FL; GA; NC; SC
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera hartwegii consists of five intergrading subspecies, which are generally locally common on rocky, sandy, gypsum, or limestone soil in arid to relatively mesic open areas, in southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, Texas (except eastern part), New Mexico, southeastern and east-central Arizona, and in Mexico from Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, and northwestern Tamaulipas south to Aguascalientes. H. F. Towner (1977) found that O. hartwegii is self-incompatible and usually vespertine; two of the subspecies (filifolia and maccartii) open early in the afternoon and are pollinated both day and evening. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera simulans occurs along the Coastal Plain from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, southward and throughout Florida. It is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). The species occasionally persists through mild winters in the southern part of its range, appearing biennial. Gaura fruticosa Jacquin 1786, not G. fruticosa Loefling 1758, is an illegitimate later homonym that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Calylophus hartwegii, Galpinsia hartwegii, Salpingia hartwegii | Gaura simulans, G. angustifolia, G. angustifolia var. eatonii, G. angustifolia var. simulans, G. angustifolia var. strigosa, G. eatonii | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 5. (1839) — (as hartwegi) | (Small) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 213. (2007) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |