Oenothera hartwegii |
Oenothera clelandii |
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Fendler evening primrose, Hartweg's sundrops |
Cleland's evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, strigillose, glandular puberulent, glabrous, hirtellous, or short-pilose; from a stout taproot. | Herbs biennial, densely to sometimes sparsely strigillose, or also sparsely glandular puberulent distally. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–many, erect to ascending, unbranched to densely branched, 4–60 cm. |
sometimes with lateral branches arising obliquely from rosette, 20–70(–100) cm. |
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Leaves | 0.3–6.5 × 0.04–1.2 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves 0.1–1.5 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.2 cm; blade elliptic, lanceolate, linear, or filiform to ovate or oblanceolate, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes obovate to spatulate, base attenuate to obtuse, truncate, or subcordate, sometimes clasping, margins entire or serrate, often undulate, apex acute. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–16 × 0.5–1.5 cm, cauline 2–12 × 0.5–2 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, gradually narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate distally, margins lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts slightly longer than capsule they subtend. |
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Inflorescences | dense, without lateral branches, mature buds usually not overtopping spike apex. |
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Flowers | usually 1 per stem opening per day in afternoon or near sunset; buds with free tips 0.5–6 mm; floral tube 16–50(–60) mm, funnelform in distal 1/2 or less; sepals 7–28 mm; petals yellow, fading pale pinkish or pale purple, 10–35 mm; filaments 4–13 mm, anthers 5–13 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 25–65(–75) mm, stigma yellow, quadrangular, usually exserted beyond anthers. |
2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube slightly curved upward to± straight, 15–40 mm; sepals 6–13 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to rhombic-ovate, 5–16 mm; filaments 4–18 mm, anthers 2–3.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–40 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | 6–40 × 2–4 mm, hard, promptly dehiscent throughout their length. |
narrowly lanceoloid, 10–20 ×2–3 mm. |
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Seeds | obovoid, 1–2.5 mm. |
brown, sometimes flecked with dark red spots, ellipsoid, 1–1.9 × 0.4–0.8 mm. |
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2n | = 14, 28. |
= 14. |
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Oenothera hartwegii |
Oenothera clelandii |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Fields, prairies, sandy soil. | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 150–300 m. (500–1000 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
c United States; sw United States; n Mexico
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AR; IA; IL; IN; KY; MI; MN; MO; NJ; NY; VA; WI; ON
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera hartwegii consists of five intergrading subspecies, which are generally locally common on rocky, sandy, gypsum, or limestone soil in arid to relatively mesic open areas, in southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, Texas (except eastern part), New Mexico, southeastern and east-central Arizona, and in Mexico from Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, and northwestern Tamaulipas south to Aguascalientes. H. F. Towner (1977) found that O. hartwegii is self-incompatible and usually vespertine; two of the subspecies (filifolia and maccartii) open early in the afternoon and are pollinated both day and evening. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera clelandii is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Some localities in the easternmost states may represent introductions, primarily occurring in disturbed areas along roads and railroad lines. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Calylophus hartwegii, Galpinsia hartwegii, Salpingia hartwegii | |||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 5. (1839) — (as hartwegi) | W. Dietrich, P. H. Raven & W. L. Wagner: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 196. (1983) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |