Oenothera grandis |
Oenothera psammophila |
|
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largeflower eveningprimrose, showy evening-primrose |
St. Anthony dunes evening primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, strigillose and sparsely villous, also glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs perennial, caulescent, glabrous, also with resinous exudate, especially on younger leaves; from woody taproot. |
Stems | erect to ascending, often with ascending lateral branches, 15–60(–100) cm. |
decumbent, usually branched, 10–30 cm, becoming woody and buried in sand. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–13 × 1–3 cm, cauline 3–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins lobed or dentate, lobes often dentate; bracts spreading, flat. |
(6–)8–9(–14.2) × (0.7–)1.5–2(–3.1) cm; petiole 3–9 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate to oblanceolate, margins usually subentire or repand or remotely dentate, rarely serrate, apex acute. |
Flowers | 1–few opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips terminal, erect or hornlike, 1.5–5 mm; floral tube 25–45 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 25–40 mm; filaments 12–22 mm, anthers 4–11 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 40–75 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
1–3 per stem opening per day near sunset, with sweet scent; buds erect; floral tube 42–60 mm; sepals 22–28 mm; petals white, fading rose pink to rose, 23–40 mm; filaments 17–19 mm, anthers 13–16 mm; style 60–72(–88) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 25–50 ×2–3 mm. |
somewhat curved and often somewhat twisted, lanceoloid-cylindrical, nearly cylindrical, (20–)30–47 × 7–8 mm, gradually tapering to apex, 6–8 mm, dehiscent nearly throughout their length, valve margins with a conspicuous, irregular, wavy ridge; pedicel 1–5 mm. |
Seeds | broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
numerous, in 2 distinct rows per locule, narrowly obovoid, 2.5–3 × 1.2–1.4 mm, embryo 7/8 of seed volume, surface finely reticulate; seed collar with a broad membrane sealing cavity, margin entire. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera grandis |
Oenothera psammophila |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Open, sandy sites. | On barren areas of drifting sand at interface between outcrops of lava and sand dunes. |
Elevation | 0–1500(–2200) m. (0–4900(–7200) ft.) | 1500–1700 m. (4900–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CO; CT; FL; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NM; TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas)
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ID |
Discussion | Oenothera grandis is probably native to eastern New Mexico and Colorado, Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas, and northeastern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Scattered collections made in other states probably represent introductions (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera grandis is self-incompatible (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata Hill var. occidentalis Small and O. laciniata var. grandis Britton are illegitimate superfluous names based on O. sinuata Linnaeus var. grandiflora S. Watson and pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera psammophila is known only from the dune area north and west of St. Anthony, Fremont County. It is unique in Oenothera because of the exudate produced on the leaves to which sand particles adhere, forming a sand sheath, presumably for protection from the constantly blowing sand particles. It is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; Wagner 2005). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Pachylophus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. laciniata var. grandiflora, O. sinuata var. grandiflora, Raimannia grandis | Pachylophus psammophilusa., O. cespitosa var. psammophila |
Name authority | Smyth: Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 16: 160. (1899) | (A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride) W. L. Wagner, Stockhouse & W. M. Klein: Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12: 84. (1985) |
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