Oenothera glaucifolia |
Oenothera simulans |
|
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false gaura |
southern beeblossom |
|
Habit | Herbs probably biennial, glabrous, becoming sparsely to densely glandular puberulent and short-villous distally, glaucous at least in proximal parts; from stout roots. | Herbs annual, glabrate, strigillose, and/or hirtellous; from taproot. |
Stems | erect, branched or unbranched, 30–300 cm. |
usually unbranched, sometimes several-branched from base, 60–180 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–7 × 0.5–2 cm, sessile, blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base usually ± auriculate, margins entire; cauline 3–8(–10) × 0.4–1.8 cm, blade lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually smaller, becoming linear-subulate distally. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.8–13 × 0.1–1.6 cm; blade often red-blotched, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to conspicuously sinuate-dentate. |
Inflorescences | long, wandlike, unbranched or branched. |
|
Flowers | 4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunrise; floral tube 6–17 mm; sepals 4–6 mm; petals white, fading off-white or tinged pink, slightly unequal, rhombic, 4–6 mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 5–8 mm, anthers 1.5–2 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 6–10, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
3 or 4-merous, often mixed on a single plant, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 3–8 mm; sepals 2.5–8 mm; petals white, fading pink, narrowly elliptic-obovate, 4.5–8 mm; filaments 2.5–6 mm, anthers 0.5–2 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 7.5–19 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | ovoid, 4-angled, somewhat flattened, 3–4 × 1.5–2.3 mm, valves with raised midrib and conspicuous lateral veins; sessile. |
ellipsoid or ovoid, 3-(or 4-)angled, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | 1, pale yellow, oblanceoloid, 2.4–2.6 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2–4, yellowish to light brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera glaucifolia |
Oenothera simulans |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct(–Nov). | Flowering (Feb–)May–Sep(–Nov). |
Habitat | Rocky prairie slopes and outcrops or bluffs, along streams, roadsides, usuallyon limestone. | Sandy soil in open woodlands, fields, roadsides, primarily in outer Coastal Plain. |
Elevation | 200–1300 m. (700–4300 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; CO; KS; MO; NE; NM; OK; TX; WY
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FL; GA; NC; SC
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Discussion | Oenothera glaucifolia is self-incompatible, the flowers diurnal, pollinated primarily by wasps (R. Clinebell, unpubl.), as well as bees, flies, butterflies, and occasionally beetles (summarized by W. L. Wagner et al. 2007). It was collected once in 1988 in Indiana at Miller Woods Visitor Center (Lake County), Dritz 596 (MOR); it seems likely that it was introduced, and has not been collected there since. Stenosiphon virgatus Spach is a superfluous name and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera simulans occurs along the Coastal Plain from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, southward and throughout Florida. It is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). The species occasionally persists through mild winters in the southern part of its range, appearing biennial. Gaura fruticosa Jacquin 1786, not G. fruticosa Loefling 1758, is an illegitimate later homonym that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stenosiphon | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura linifolia, Stenosiphon linifolius | Gaura simulans, G. angustifolia, G. angustifolia var. eatonii, G. angustifolia var. simulans, G. angustifolia var. strigosa, G. eatonii |
Name authority | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) | (Small) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 213. (2007) |
Web links |