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false gaura
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| Herbs probably biennial, glabrous, becoming sparsely to densely glandular puberulent and short-villous distally, glaucous at least in proximal parts; from stout roots. |
Herbs perennial, sparsely strigillose, becoming glabrate distally, usually also glandular puberulent distally; from a somewhat fleshy rootstock, forming adventitious roots where submerged. |
erect, branched or unbranched, 30–300 cm. |
erect or ascending, usually many-branched throughout, proximal branches often somewhat spongy, 50–120 cm. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–7 × 0.5–2 cm, sessile, blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base usually ± auriculate, margins entire; cauline 3–8(–10) × 0.4–1.8 cm, blade lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually smaller, becoming linear-subulate distally. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, softly succulent, 4–13.5 × 0.8–2.1 cm, petiole 0–1.5 cm, blade lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, margins remotely denticulate. |
long, wandlike, unbranched or branched. |
erect, flowers in axils of distalmost few nodes. |
4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunrise; floral tube 6–17 mm; sepals 4–6 mm; petals white, fading off-white or tinged pink, slightly unequal, rhombic, 4–6 mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 5–8 mm, anthers 1.5–2 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 6–10, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunrise; buds with free tips 0.5–2(–5) mm, erect to spreading; floral tube 14–20 mm; sepals 20–30 mm; petals bright yellow, fading pale pink or lavender, 16–27 mm; filaments 10–15 mm, anthers 7–8 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 15–30 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
ovoid, 4-angled, somewhat flattened, 3–4 × 1.5–2.3 mm, valves with raised midrib and conspicuous lateral veins; sessile. |
oblong-clavate to oblong-ellipsoid, 4-angled or 4-winged, and wings 0.1–0.2 mm, 7–15 × 4–6 mm, stipe 2–5 mm; sessile. |
1, pale yellow, oblanceoloid, 2.4–2.6 × 1–1.5 mm. |
0.8 × 0.4 mm. |
= 14. |
= 56. |
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| Flowering May–Oct(–Nov). |
Flowering May–Jul. |
| Rocky prairie slopes and outcrops or bluffs, along streams, roadsides, usuallyon limestone. |
Isolated colonies in or at edge of water in marshes or slow-running rivers, apparently with at least some tidal influence. |
| 200–1300 m. (700–4300 ft.) |
0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
|
AR; CO; KS; MO; NE; NM; OK; TX; WY
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GA; NC; SC; VA |
Oenothera glaucifolia is self-incompatible, the flowers diurnal, pollinated primarily by wasps (R. Clinebell, unpubl.), as well as bees, flies, butterflies, and occasionally beetles (summarized by W. L. Wagner et al. 2007). It was collected once in 1988 in Indiana at Miller Woods Visitor Center (Lake County), Dritz 596 (MOR); it seems likely that it was introduced, and has not been collected there since. Stenosiphon virgatus Spach is a superfluous name and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera riparia has not been accepted as a distinct species for a long time. The conservative approach used by G. B. Straley (1977) is here followed in recognizing a broadly delimited O. fruticosa, except that the very distinctive coastal tidal-freshwater semi-aquatic octoploid populations (Straley 1982) are recognized as O. riparia. Plants of these coastal populations, which occur from southern Virginia to North Carolina, are more robust, more branched, and less pubescent than those of the two subspecies of O. fruticosa, and have slightly succulent leaves and more prominent adventitious roots (Straley 1982; D. Boufford, pers. comm.). Further field studies and cytological analyses are needed to fully understand the geographical and ecological limits of O. riparia and confirm that it is strictly an octoploid species. K. N. Krakos et al. (2014) determined that Oenothera riparia is self-incompatible and is pollinated by bees (Bombus, Lassioglossum, Megachile, Parallelia, Xylocopa, and Zale). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| FNA vol. 10. |
FNA vol. 10. |
| Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stenosiphon |
Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Kneiffia |
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa |
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa |
| Gaura linifolia, Stenosiphon linifolius |
Kneiffia riparia, O. tetragona var. riparia |
| W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) |
Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 247. (1818) |
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KS Wildflowers
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