Oenothera glaucifolia |
Oenothera hartwegii |
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false gaura |
Fendler evening primrose, Hartweg's sundrops |
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Habit | Herbs probably biennial, glabrous, becoming sparsely to densely glandular puberulent and short-villous distally, glaucous at least in proximal parts; from stout roots. | Herbs perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, strigillose, glandular puberulent, glabrous, hirtellous, or short-pilose; from a stout taproot. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, branched or unbranched, 30–300 cm. |
1–many, erect to ascending, unbranched to densely branched, 4–60 cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–7 × 0.5–2 cm, sessile, blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base usually ± auriculate, margins entire; cauline 3–8(–10) × 0.4–1.8 cm, blade lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually smaller, becoming linear-subulate distally. |
0.3–6.5 × 0.04–1.2 cm, sometimes fascicles of small leaves 0.1–1.5 cm present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.2 cm; blade elliptic, lanceolate, linear, or filiform to ovate or oblanceolate, usually not much reduced distally, proximalmost leaves sometimes obovate to spatulate, base attenuate to obtuse, truncate, or subcordate, sometimes clasping, margins entire or serrate, often undulate, apex acute. |
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Inflorescences | long, wandlike, unbranched or branched. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunrise; floral tube 6–17 mm; sepals 4–6 mm; petals white, fading off-white or tinged pink, slightly unequal, rhombic, 4–6 mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 5–8 mm, anthers 1.5–2 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 6–10, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
usually 1 per stem opening per day in afternoon or near sunset; buds with free tips 0.5–6 mm; floral tube 16–50(–60) mm, funnelform in distal 1/2 or less; sepals 7–28 mm; petals yellow, fading pale pinkish or pale purple, 10–35 mm; filaments 4–13 mm, anthers 5–13 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 25–65(–75) mm, stigma yellow, quadrangular, usually exserted beyond anthers. |
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Capsules | ovoid, 4-angled, somewhat flattened, 3–4 × 1.5–2.3 mm, valves with raised midrib and conspicuous lateral veins; sessile. |
6–40 × 2–4 mm, hard, promptly dehiscent throughout their length. |
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Seeds | 1, pale yellow, oblanceoloid, 2.4–2.6 × 1–1.5 mm. |
obovoid, 1–2.5 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
= 14, 28. |
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Oenothera glaucifolia |
Oenothera hartwegii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct(–Nov). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Rocky prairie slopes and outcrops or bluffs, along streams, roadsides, usuallyon limestone. | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 200–1300 m. (700–4300 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CO; KS; MO; NE; NM; OK; TX; WY
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c United States; sw United States; n Mexico
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Discussion | Oenothera glaucifolia is self-incompatible, the flowers diurnal, pollinated primarily by wasps (R. Clinebell, unpubl.), as well as bees, flies, butterflies, and occasionally beetles (summarized by W. L. Wagner et al. 2007). It was collected once in 1988 in Indiana at Miller Woods Visitor Center (Lake County), Dritz 596 (MOR); it seems likely that it was introduced, and has not been collected there since. Stenosiphon virgatus Spach is a superfluous name and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera hartwegii consists of five intergrading subspecies, which are generally locally common on rocky, sandy, gypsum, or limestone soil in arid to relatively mesic open areas, in southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, Texas (except eastern part), New Mexico, southeastern and east-central Arizona, and in Mexico from Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, and northwestern Tamaulipas south to Aguascalientes. H. F. Towner (1977) found that O. hartwegii is self-incompatible and usually vespertine; two of the subspecies (filifolia and maccartii) open early in the afternoon and are pollinated both day and evening. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stenosiphon | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Salpingia | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Gaura linifolia, Stenosiphon linifolius | Calylophus hartwegii, Galpinsia hartwegii, Salpingia hartwegii | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) | Bentham: Pl. Hartw., 5. (1839) — (as hartwegi) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |