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false gaura

largeflower eveningprimrose, showy evening-primrose

Habit Herbs probably biennial, glabrous, becoming sparsely to densely glandular puberulent and short-villous distally, glaucous at least in proximal parts; from stout roots. Herbs annual, strigillose and sparsely villous, also glandular puberulent distally.
Stems

erect, branched or unbranched, 30–300 cm.

erect to ascending, often with ascending lateral branches, 15–60(–100) cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–7 × 0.5–2 cm, sessile, blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base usually ± auriculate, margins entire;

cauline 3–8(–10) × 0.4–1.8 cm, blade lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually smaller, becoming linear-subulate distally.

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–13 × 1–3 cm, cauline 3–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm;

blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins lobed or dentate, lobes often dentate;

bracts spreading, flat.

Inflorescences

long, wandlike, unbranched or branched.

Flowers

4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunrise;

floral tube 6–17 mm;

sepals 4–6 mm;

petals white, fading off-white or tinged pink, slightly unequal, rhombic, 4–6 mm, abruptly clawed;

filaments 5–8 mm, anthers 1.5–2 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;

style 6–10, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

1–few opening per day near sunset;

buds erect, with free tips terminal, erect or hornlike, 1.5–5 mm;

floral tube 25–45 mm;

sepals 15–30 mm;

petals yellow, very broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 25–40 mm;

filaments 12–22 mm, anthers 4–11 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;

style 40–75 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

ovoid, 4-angled, somewhat flattened, 3–4 × 1.5–2.3 mm, valves with raised midrib and conspicuous lateral veins;

sessile.

cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 25–50 ×2–3 mm.

Seeds

1, pale yellow, oblanceoloid, 2.4–2.6 × 1–1.5 mm.

broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Oenothera glaucifolia

Oenothera grandis

Phenology Flowering May–Oct(–Nov). Flowering Mar–Sep.
Habitat Rocky prairie slopes and outcrops or bluffs, along streams, roadsides, usuallyon limestone. Open, sandy sites.
Elevation 200–1300 m. (700–4300 ft.) 0–1500(–2200) m. (0–4900(–7200) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CO; KS; MO; NE; NM; OK; TX; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; FL; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NM; TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera glaucifolia is self-incompatible, the flowers diurnal, pollinated primarily by wasps (R. Clinebell, unpubl.), as well as bees, flies, butterflies, and occasionally beetles (summarized by W. L. Wagner et al. 2007). It was collected once in 1988 in Indiana at Miller Woods Visitor Center (Lake County), Dritz 596 (MOR); it seems likely that it was introduced, and has not been collected there since.

Stenosiphon virgatus Spach is a superfluous name and pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera grandis is probably native to eastern New Mexico and Colorado, Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas, and northeastern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Scattered collections made in other states probably represent introductions (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988).

Oenothera grandis is self-incompatible (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988).

Oenothera laciniata Hill var. occidentalis Small and O. laciniata var. grandis Britton are illegitimate superfluous names based on O. sinuata Linnaeus var. grandiflora S. Watson and pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stenosiphon Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms Gaura linifolia, Stenosiphon linifolius O. laciniata var. grandiflora, O. sinuata var. grandiflora, Raimannia grandis
Name authority W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) Smyth: Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 16: 160. (1899)
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