Oenothera glaucifolia
Oenothera grandiflora
false gaura
large-flower evening-primrose
erect, branched or unbranched, 30–300 cm.
erect, red on proximal parts, usually green on distal ones, rarely red throughout, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 100–300(–400) cm.
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–7 × 0.5–2 cm, sessile, blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base usually ± auriculate, margins entire;
cauline 3–8(–10) × 0.4–1.8 cm, blade lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually smaller, becoming linear-subulate distally.
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 18–32 × (2–)3–6.5 cm, cauline 6–20 × 1.5–6.5 cm;
blade soft and thin, bright green, usually flat, rarely undulate, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, or narrowly elliptic to elliptic, sometimes narrowly ovate distally, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced, sometimes sinuate-dentate proximally or lobed;
bracts usually caducous.
long, wandlike, unbranched or branched.
erect, often with secondary or tertiary branches just proximal to main one.
4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunrise;
floral tube 6–17 mm;
sepals 4–6 mm;
petals white, fading off-white or tinged pink, slightly unequal, rhombic, 4–6 mm, abruptly clawed;
filaments 5–8 mm, anthers 1.5–2 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;
style 6–10, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.
opening near sunset;
buds erect, 5–9 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 2–9 mm;
floral tube 35–55 mm;
sepals yellowish green or flushed with red, 22–46 mm;
petals yellow to pale yellow, fading pale yellowish white, very broadly obcordate or obovate, (25–)30–45 mm;
filaments 18–27 mm, anthers 10–15 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;
style 57–90 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.
ovoid, 4-angled, somewhat flattened, 3–4 × 1.5–2.3 mm, valves with raised midrib and conspicuous lateral veins;
sessile.
erect or slightly spreading, dull green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to narrowly ovoid, 15–35 × 3.5–5.5 mm, free tips of valves 0.5–2.5 mm.
1, pale yellow, oblanceoloid, 2.4–2.6 × 1–1.5 mm.
1–1.7 × 0.6–1.2 mm.
= 14.
= 14.
Oenothera glaucifolia
Oenothera grandiflora
Oenothera glaucifolia is self-incompatible, the flowers diurnal, pollinated primarily by wasps (R. Clinebell, unpubl.), as well as bees, flies, butterflies, and occasionally beetles (summarized by W. L. Wagner et al. 2007). It was collected once in 1988 in Indiana at Miller Woods Visitor Center (Lake County), Dritz 596 (MOR); it seems likely that it was introduced, and has not been collected there since.
Stenosiphon virgatus Spach is a superfluous name and pertains here.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Oenothera grandiflora has a scattered distribution, from the eastern half of Mississippi and Alabama, east to Tennessee (Franklin and Marion counties), North Carolina (Cherokee, Macon, Martin, Moore, New Hanover, Sampson, and Swain counties), South Carolina (Oconee, Spartanburg, and Sumter counties), and Florida (Alachua, Escambia, Franklin, Lake, Leon, Polk, Putnam, and Santa Rosa counties). Collections from southern Canada, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia almost certainly represent cultivated plants, garden escapes, or adventive populations, and the single locality from central Kentucky also may be an introduction; it is sometimes a colonizer in disturbed sites such as along roads.
Oenothera grandiflora has plastome III and a BB genome composition. As summarized by W. Dietrich et al. (1997), some populations of O. grandiflora seem to be entirely or mostly composed of self-incompatible individuals, whereas others consist of self-compatible plants. This is an extremely uncommon phenomenon within a single species of Oenothera; the only other species known to exhibit mixed populations of self-incompatible and self-compatible individuals is O. primiveris.
Oenothera grandiflora Lamarck 1798, being a later homonym of O. grandiflora L’Héritier 1789, pertains here.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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