Oenothera gayleana |
Oenothera perennis |
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little evening-primrose, perennial evening-primrose, perennial sundrops, small sundrops |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, usually strigillose, sometimes glabrous; from a stout taproot. | Herbs perennial, sparsely to moderately strigillose, glandular puberulent distally; from fibrous roots. |
Stems | many, ascending to erect, branched from base, 15–30(–40) cm. |
usually erect to slightly decumbent, unbranched to few-branched distally, (3–)15–30(–75) cm. |
Leaves | 2.5–3.5 × 0.1–0.2 cm, rarely fascicles of small leaves present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.1 cm; blade linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, folded lengthwise, base long-attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate, apex acute. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 2–4 × 0.2–1.2 cm, petiole (0.2–)0.5–1.2(–2.5) cm, blade oblanceolate to obovate; cauline 3–7 × 0.2–1.2 cm, petiole 0.1–1 cm, blade oblanceolate to obovate, margins entire or weakly and remotely denticulate. |
Inflorescences | nodding, flowers in axils of distalmost few nodes. |
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Flowers | opening near sunrise; buds with free tips 0–0.5 mm; floral tube 7 mm; sepals 4–6 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading yellow to orange, 15–20 mm; antisepalous filaments 5 mm, antipetalous filaments 2 mm, anthers 3–4 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 10 mm, stigma discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunrise, nearly unscented; buds with free tips to 1 mm, connivent; floral tube 3–10 mm; sepals 2–4 mm; petals bright yellow, fading pale yellow, or orangish yellow to pale pink, 5–10 mm; filaments 3–4 mm, anthers 1–2 mm, pollen 40–70% fertile; style 3–4 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | 18–20 × 2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
clavate, 4-angled or narrowly 4-winged, 5–10 × 2–3 mm, stipe 1–2 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | oblanceoloid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
0.7–0.8 × 0.2–0.3 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera gayleana |
Oenothera perennis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | Flowering May–Jul(–Aug). |
Habitat | Gypsum outcrops. | Fields, open woods, boggy areas. |
Elevation | 500–1400 m. (1600–4600 ft.) | (0–)150–900(–1400) m. ((0–)500–3000(–4600) ft.) |
Distribution |
NM; TX |
CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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Discussion | Oenothera gayleana is a recently discovered gypsum endemic known only from scattered outcrops from De Baca and Eddy counties in New Mexico, and Culberson County in Texas. When published, the delimitation of O. gayleana included populations in Collinsworth and Dickens counties in the Texas panhandle, and adjacent Harmon County in Oklahoma. Subsequent study (B. Cooper et al., unpubl.) has determined they are actually O. serrulata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera perennis, a PTH species that forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, is self-compatible and autogamous (G. B. Straley 1977). It is disjunct in Nebraska from the rest of its range in eastern North America, occurring in Garfield, Holt, and Rock counties (R. Kaul, pers. comm.). It is introduced in British Columbia. Oenotherapumila Linnaeus is an illegitimate substitution based on O. perennis Linnaeus, while Kneiffia michauxii Spach is an illegitimate substitution based O. pumila, as is K. pumila Spach, and the three pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Kneiffia chrysantha, K. depauperata, K. perennis, O. chrysantha, O. perennis var. rectipilis, O. pumila var. chrysantha, O. pumila var. minima, O. pumila var. pusilla, O. pumila var. rectipilis, O. pusilla | |
Name authority | B. L. Turner & M. J. Moore: Phytologia 96: 200, figs. 1, 2. (2014) | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 998. (1759) |
Web links |