Oenothera fruticosa subsp. fruticosa |
Oenothera fruticosa |
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narrowleaf evening primrose |
narrow-leaf evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs moderately to densely strigillose, and/or sometimes glandular puberulent or villous; from fibrous or, sometimes, slightly fleshy rootstock or producing rhizomes. | Herbs perennial, moderately to densely strigillose and/or villous, glandular puberulent, or glabrous; from fibrous roots, not or rarely producing rhizomes. | ||||
Stems | erect to decumbent, branched or unbranched, (10–)30–80 cm. |
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Leaves | basal 3–10 × 0.5–2 cm, petiole 1–4 cm, blade oblanceolate to obovate, margins subentire or weakly and remotely denticulate; cauline 2–6(–8) × 0.1–1(–1.7) cm, petiole 0.2–2(–4) cm, blade linear, lanceolate to oblanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly ovate, margins subentire or weakly and remotely denticulate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette usually withered by anthesis, surfaces sometimes glaucous, especially abaxially, basal 3–12 × 0.5–3 cm, petiole 1–4 cm, blade oblanceolate to obovate, margins subentire, dentate, or denticulate, sometimes undulate; cauline 2–6(–11) × (0.1–)0.5–2(–5) cm, petiole 0.1–2(–6) cm, blade linear, lanceolate to oblanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or ovate, margins subentire or dentate or denticulate, sometimes undulate. |
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Inflorescences | usually erect, rarely nodding, flowers in axils of distalmost few nodes. |
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Flowers | buds with free tips 0.5–1(–6) mm, usually connivent, sometimes spreading; floral tube5–15 mm; sepals 5–20 mm; petals (8–)15–25 mm. |
opening near sunrise; buds with free tips 0.5–8(–13) mm, connivent, sometimes spreading; floral tube 5–20 mm; sepals 5–20 mm; petals pale to bright yellow, fading pale pink, orangish pink, or yellow, (8–)15–25(–30) mm; filaments 5–15 mm, anthers 4–7 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 12–20 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | clavate to oblong-clavate, widest distal to middle, angled, rarely narrowly winged, (5–)10–17(–20) × (2–)3–4 mm, stipe 3–10 mm; sessile. |
clavate to oblong-clavate or oblong-ellipsoid, 4-angled to 4-winged, (5–)10–17(–20) × (2–)3–4(–6) mm, stipe 0.1–10 mm; sessile. |
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Seeds | 1 × 0.5 mm. |
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2n | = 28, 42. |
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Oenothera fruticosa subsp. fruticosa |
Oenothera fruticosa |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug(–Sep). | |||||
Habitat | Open habitats, meadows, stream margins, edges of woods, open woods, margins of freshwater or saltwater marshes, stabilized sand dunes, roadsides, partially disturbed habitats. | |||||
Elevation | 0–500(–1100) m. (0–1600(–3600) ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV |
e North America; c North America
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Discussion | Kneiffia suffruticosa Spach (1835) is an illegitimate substitution for Oenothera fruticosa, as is K. angustifolia Spach (1835) one for O. linearis Michaux, and O. linearis var. allenii Britton (1894) is one based on O. fruticosa var. humifusa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Oenothera fruticosa as delimited here is a polymorphic species. Previous classification of this group has undergone numerous reorganizations due to the difficulties in separating populations into discrete morphological taxa. In the past it has most frequently been treated as two species, O. fruticosa and O. tetragona Roth, often with a dozen or more infraspecific taxa recognized. The broad delimitation of G. B. Straley (1977) is followed here with one species consisting of two subspecies that appear to intergrade extensively across a wide area of overlap. Straley determined O. fruticosa to be self-incompatible and polyploid. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Kneiffia allenii, K. arenicola, K. brevistipata, K. charlesii, K. fruticosa var. humifusa, K. fruticosa var. unguiculata, K. linearis, K. longipedicellata, K. semiglandulosa, K. subglobosa, K. tetragona var. longistipata, K. velutina, O. fruticosa var. eamesii, O. fruticosa var. goodmanii, O. fruticosa var. humifusa, O. fruticosa var. linearifolia, O. fruticosa var. linearis, O. fruticosa var. microcarpa, O. fruticosa var. subglobosa, O. fruticosa var. unguiculata, O. fruticosa var. vera, O. linearis, O. linearis var. eamesii, O. longipedicellata, O. subglobosa, O. subglobosa var. arenicola, O. tetragona var. brevistipata, O. tetragona var. longistipata, O. tetragona var. sharpii, O. tetragona var. velutina, O. unguiculata | Kneiffia fruticosa | ||||
Name authority | unknown | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 346. (1753) | ||||
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