FNA: Oenothera dodgeniana vs. Oenothera falfurriae

	Oenothera dodgeniana	Oenothera falfurriae
		royal evening primrose
Habit	Herbs biennial, villous and strigillose proximally, leaves glabrate or strigillose, also glandular puberulent distally, sometimes also sparsely villous; from stout, fleshy taproot.	Herbs annual, moderately to sparsely strigillose and villous, sometimes glandular puberulent distally.
Stems	1 or few-branched from base, 50–120 cm.	erect to ascending, usually unbranched, 10–40 cm.
Leaves	in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–20 × 1–3 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; cauline 5–10 × 1–2.5 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins subentire or repand-denticulate.	in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–12 ×1.3–3.5 cm, cauline 2–8.5 ×1–3 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, margins usually dentate to pinnatifid, sometimes subentire; bracts spreading, flat.
Flowers	4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 10–11 mm; sepals 11–15 mm; petals white, fading pink, rhombic-obovate, 11–14 mm; filaments 6.5–9 mm, anthers 2.5–4 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 22–28 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers.	usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–2 mm; floral tube 25–40 mm; sepals 10–22 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 13–25 mm; filaments 10–17 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 35–50 mm, stigma slightly exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.
Capsules	ellipsoid or ovoid, sharply 4-angled, with deep furrows alternating with angles for 2–3 mm from apex, ribbed from base of furrow to base of fruit, 9–11 × 3–5 mm; sessile.	cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–45 × 2–2.5 mm.
Seeds	2–4, yellowish to light brown, 2–3 mm.	ellipsoid, 0.8–1.4 × 0.3–0.6 mm.
2n	= 14.	= 14.

	Oenothera dodgeniana	Oenothera falfurriae
Phenology	Flowering Jun–Sep.	Flowering Apr–Aug.
Habitat	Mountain meadow openings in coniferous forests.	Open, sandy sites.
Elevation	1800–2700 m. (5900–8900 ft.)	0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution	CO; NM	TX [BONAP county map]
Discussion	Oenothera dodgeniana occurs in two disjunct areas: the western foothills of the San Juan Mountains in Archuleta and Huerfano counties, Colorado, and Rio Arriba County, New Mexico; and Sierra Blanca and Sacramento Mountains in Lincoln and Otero counties, south-central New Mexico. The species was collected once at Durango, La Plata County, Colorado (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]), but has not since been recollected. Oenothera dodgeniana and O. coloradensis were considered by Raven and Gregory to represent a relict species along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains that arose from more widespread species farther to the east, such as O. filiformis. Oenothera dodgeniana belongs to a subclade which is sister to that containing O. coloradensis, and within that subclade is sister to O. demareei and O. lindheimeri (W. L. Wagner et al. 2013). Although O. dodgeniana is fairly closely related to O. coloradensis, the two taxa seem to have had independent origins that have led to distributions along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains. Oenothera dodgeniana is self-compatible (Raven and Gregory). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Oenothera falfurriae is known only from southeastern Texas (Aransas, Brazos, Brooks, Cameron, Frio, Harris, Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Kenedy, Kleberg, Maverick, Nueces, Refugio, Starr, Val Verde, Victoria, Webb, Willacy, Wilson, and Zapata counties). It is self-compatible and autogamous, but not a PTH species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 10.	FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa	Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura	Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia
Sibling taxa	O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa	O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms	Gaura neomexicana, O. coloradensis subsp. neomexicana
Name authority	Krakos & W. L. Wagner: PhytoKeys 28: 66. (2013)	W. Dietrich & W. L. Wagner: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 149. (1987)
Web links	WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Oenothera falfurriae

royal evening primrose

Habit

Herbs biennial, villous and strigillose proximally, leaves glabrate or strigillose, also glandular puberulent distally, sometimes also sparsely villous; from stout, fleshy taproot.

Herbs annual, moderately to sparsely strigillose and villous, sometimes glandular puberulent distally.

Stems

1 or few-branched from base, 50–120 cm.

erect to ascending, usually unbranched, 10–40 cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–20 × 1–3 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic;

cauline 5–10 × 1–2.5 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins subentire or repand-denticulate.

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–12 ×1.3–3.5 cm, cauline 2–8.5 ×1–3 cm;

blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, margins usually dentate to pinnatifid, sometimes subentire;

bracts spreading, flat.

Flowers

4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset;

floral tube 10–11 mm;

sepals 11–15 mm;

petals white, fading pink, rhombic-obovate, 11–14 mm;

filaments 6.5–9 mm, anthers 2.5–4 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

style 22–28 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers.

usually 1 opening per day near sunset;

buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–2 mm;

floral tube 25–40 mm;

sepals 10–22 mm;

petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 13–25 mm;

filaments 10–17 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;

style 35–50 mm, stigma slightly exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

ellipsoid or ovoid, sharply 4-angled, with deep furrows alternating with angles for 2–3 mm from apex, ribbed from base of furrow to base of fruit, 9–11 × 3–5 mm;

sessile.

cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 20–45 × 2–2.5 mm.

Seeds

2–4, yellowish to light brown, 2–3 mm.

ellipsoid, 0.8–1.4 × 0.3–0.6 mm.

= 14.

Oenothera falfurriae

Phenology

Flowering Jun–Sep.

Flowering Apr–Aug.

Habitat

Mountain meadow openings in coniferous forests.

Open, sandy sites.

Elevation

1800–2700 m. (5900–8900 ft.)

0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)

Distribution

CO; NM

[BONAP county map]

Discussion

Oenothera dodgeniana occurs in two disjunct areas: the western foothills of the San Juan Mountains in Archuleta and Huerfano counties, Colorado, and Rio Arriba County, New Mexico; and Sierra Blanca and Sacramento Mountains in Lincoln and Otero counties, south-central New Mexico. The species was collected once at Durango, La Plata County, Colorado (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]), but has not since been recollected. Oenothera dodgeniana and O. coloradensis were considered by Raven and Gregory to represent a relict species along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains that arose from more widespread species farther to the east, such as O. filiformis. Oenothera dodgeniana belongs to a subclade which is sister to that containing O. coloradensis, and within that subclade is sister to O. demareei and O. lindheimeri (W. L. Wagner et al. 2013). Although O. dodgeniana is fairly closely related to O. coloradensis, the two taxa seem to have had independent origins that have led to distributions along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains. Oenothera dodgeniana is self-compatible (Raven and Gregory).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera falfurriae is known only from southeastern Texas (Aransas, Brazos, Brooks, Cameron, Frio, Harris, Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Kenedy, Kleberg, Maverick, Nueces, Refugio, Starr, Val Verde, Victoria, Webb, Willacy, Wilson, and Zapata counties). It is self-compatible and autogamous, but not a PTH species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 10.

Parent taxa

Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura

Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia

Sibling taxa

O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa

O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa

Synonyms

Gaura neomexicana, O. coloradensis subsp. neomexicana

Name authority

Krakos & W. L. Wagner: PhytoKeys 28: 66. (2013)

W. Dietrich & W. L. Wagner: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 149. (1987)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America

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Oenothera dodgeniana

Oenothera falfurriae

Oenothera dodgeniana

Oenothera falfurriae