Oenothera dodgeniana |
Oenothera elata |
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evening primrose, Hooker's evening-primrose, western evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs biennial, villous and strigillose proximally, leaves glabrate or strigillose, also glandular puberulent distally, sometimes also sparsely villous; from stout, fleshy taproot. | Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, densely strigillose and either sparsely or moderately villous, with appressed or spreading hairs (sometimes with red-pustulate bases), distally sometimes also glandular puberulent. | ||||
Stems | 1 or few-branched from base, 50–120 cm. |
erect, green, flushed with red proximally or red throughout, unbranched or branches obliquely arising from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 30–250 cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–20 × 1–3 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; cauline 5–10 × 1–2.5 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins subentire or repand-denticulate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–43 × 1.2–4(–6) cm, cauline 4–25 × 1–2.5(–4) cm; blade dull green to grayish green, rarely red, narrowly oblanceolate or oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, margins usually flat, rarely undulate, bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth sometimes widely spaced, proximal blades sometimes sinuate-dentate toward base; bracts persistent. |
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Inflorescences | erect, unbranched. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 10–11 mm; sepals 11–15 mm; petals white, fading pink, rhombic-obovate, 11–14 mm; filaments 6.5–9 mm, anthers 2.5–4 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 22–28 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 6–10 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 1–7 mm; floral tube (20–)30–45(–50) mm; sepals yellowish green, red-striped or strongly flushed with red, 27–50 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, (25–)30–47(–55) mm; filaments 17–25 mm, anthers 8–23 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 50–90 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid or ovoid, sharply 4-angled, with deep furrows alternating with angles for 2–3 mm from apex, ribbed from base of furrow to base of fruit, 9–11 × 3–5 mm; sessile. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 20–65 × 4–7 mm, free tips of valves 0.5–2.5 mm. |
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Seeds | 2–4, yellowish to light brown, 2–3 mm. |
1–1.9 × 0.6–1.2 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera dodgeniana |
Oenothera elata |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Mountain meadow openings in coniferous forests. | |||||
Elevation | 1800–2700 m. (5900–8900 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
CO; NM |
w United States; c United States; Mexico; Central America
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Discussion | Oenothera dodgeniana occurs in two disjunct areas: the western foothills of the San Juan Mountains in Archuleta and Huerfano counties, Colorado, and Rio Arriba County, New Mexico; and Sierra Blanca and Sacramento Mountains in Lincoln and Otero counties, south-central New Mexico. The species was collected once at Durango, La Plata County, Colorado (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]), but has not since been recollected. Oenothera dodgeniana and O. coloradensis were considered by Raven and Gregory to represent a relict species along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains that arose from more widespread species farther to the east, such as O. filiformis. Oenothera dodgeniana belongs to a subclade which is sister to that containing O. coloradensis, and within that subclade is sister to O. demareei and O. lindheimeri (W. L. Wagner et al. 2013). Although O. dodgeniana is fairly closely related to O. coloradensis, the two taxa seem to have had independent origins that have led to distributions along the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains. Oenothera dodgeniana is self-compatible (Raven and Gregory). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). Subspecies elata differs in anthers 7–12 mm, fewer or no pustulate-based hairs, and generally smaller flowers and habit. It ranges from the highlands of central Mexico, including Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Puebla, Querétaro, and Veracruz, south to Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Panama. Oenothera elata has plastome I and a AA genome composition. Onagra kunthiana Spach is a superfluous name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Gaura neomexicana, O. coloradensis subsp. neomexicana | |||||
Name authority | Krakos & W. L. Wagner: PhytoKeys 28: 66. (2013) | Kunth in A. von Humboldt et al.: Nov. Gen. Sp. 6(fol.): 72; 6(qto.): 90. (1823) | ||||
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