Oenothera deltoides |
Oenothera grandis |
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basket evening-primrose, birdcage evening primrose, desert lantern, devil's lantern, dune primrose, hairy evening primrose, lion-in-a-cage |
largeflower eveningprimrose, showy evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs usually winter-annual, sometimes perennial, glabrous, glandular puberulent, strigillose, and/or villous, sometimes more villous distally, hairs sometimes very curly, especially on flower parts; from a taproot or relatively long, fleshy roots. | Herbs annual, strigillose and sparsely villous, also glandular puberulent distally. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | central stem usually erect, usually thickened at base and spongy, branched or unbranched, branches few–several, slender, decumbent to ascending, from base, usually encircling central stem in older plants, 10–40(–100) cm. |
erect to ascending, often with ascending lateral branches, 15–60(–100) cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette usually well developed (except subsp. howellii), basal 5–25 × 1–5 cm, cauline 4–12(–18) × 0.5–4 cm; petiole 1.5–8 cm; blade rhombic-obovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, margins subentire, dentate, or pinnatifid. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–13 × 1–3 cm, cauline 3–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm; blade green, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins lobed or dentate, lobes often dentate; bracts spreading, flat. |
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Flowers | 1–several opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly or strongly quadrangular or fluted in distal 1/2, with free tips 0–9 mm; floral tube 20–40 mm; sepals (13–)15–35 mm, not spotted; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 15–44 mm; filaments 8–15 mm, anthers 5–14 mm; style 35–60 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
1–few opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips terminal, erect or hornlike, 1.5–5 mm; floral tube 25–45 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 25–40 mm; filaments 12–22 mm, anthers 4–11 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 40–75 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | spreading, straight to curved, becoming somewhat woody in age, cylindrical to slightly 4-angled, widest toward base, tapering from base to apex, (15–)30–80 × 1.5–5 mm; sessile. |
cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged toward apex, 25–50 ×2–3 mm. |
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Seeds | numerous, in 1 row per locule, buff with dark spots or black, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.8 mm. |
broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.8–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera deltoides |
Oenothera grandis |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open, sandy sites. | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1500(–2200) m. (0–4900(–7200) ft.) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
w United States; nw Mexico
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AL; AR; CO; CT; FL; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NE; NJ; NM; TX; Mexico (Tamaulipas)
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera deltoides is self-incompatible or self-compatible (W. M. Klein 1964; W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera grandis is probably native to eastern New Mexico and Colorado, Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas, and northeastern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Scattered collections made in other states probably represent introductions (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera grandis is self-incompatible (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera laciniata Hill var. occidentalis Small and O. laciniata var. grandis Britton are illegitimate superfluous names based on O. sinuata Linnaeus var. grandiflora S. Watson and pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Raimannia | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Anogra deltoides | O. laciniata var. grandiflora, O. sinuata var. grandiflora, Raimannia grandis | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Torrey & Frémont in J. C. Frémont: Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts., 315. (1845) | Smyth: Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 16: 160. (1899) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |