Oenothera deltoides |
Oenothera filipes |
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basket evening-primrose, birdcage evening primrose, desert lantern, devil's lantern, dune primrose, hairy evening primrose, lion-in-a-cage |
slenderstalk beeblossom |
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Habit | Herbs usually winter-annual, sometimes perennial, glabrous, glandular puberulent, strigillose, and/or villous, sometimes more villous distally, hairs sometimes very curly, especially on flower parts; from a taproot or relatively long, fleshy roots. | Herbs perennial, clumped, sparsely to densely strigillose, inflorescence usually glabrous or glandular puberulent, sometimes proximalmost parts villous, hairs erect, 1–2 mm; from heavy, twisted, woody rootstock. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | central stem usually erect, usually thickened at base and spongy, branched or unbranched, branches few–several, slender, decumbent to ascending, from base, usually encircling central stem in older plants, 10–40(–100) cm. |
erect, branched below and just above ground, branched also proximal to inflorescences, 60–250(–300) cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette usually well developed (except subsp. howellii), basal 5–25 × 1–5 cm, cauline 4–12(–18) × 0.5–4 cm; petiole 1.5–8 cm; blade rhombic-obovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, margins subentire, dentate, or pinnatifid. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, (1–)3–9 × (0.1–)0.5–1.3 cm, blade linear or narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to coarsely sinuate-dentate. |
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Inflorescences | slender, often well-branched, buds small and well-spaced. |
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Flowers | 1–several opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly or strongly quadrangular or fluted in distal 1/2, with free tips 0–9 mm; floral tube 20–40 mm; sepals (13–)15–35 mm, not spotted; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 15–44 mm; filaments 8–15 mm, anthers 5–14 mm; style 35–60 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 2.5–6 mm; sepals 5–12.5 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 5–10 mm, clawed; stamens presented evenly around flower parts, filaments 3–8.5 mm, anthers 1.4–4 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 8.5–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | spreading, straight to curved, becoming somewhat woody in age, cylindrical to slightly 4-angled, widest toward base, tapering from base to apex, (15–)30–80 × 1.5–5 mm; sessile. |
ovoid, narrowly 4-winged or 4-angled, 5–10 × 1.5–2 mm, abruptly constricted to a sterile stipe 0.5–4.5 mm. |
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Seeds | numerous, in 1 row per locule, buff with dark spots or black, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.8 mm. |
1 or 2, yellowish to reddish brown, 1.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera deltoides |
Oenothera filipes |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Sep(–Oct). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy hills and flats, open woods. | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
w United States; nw Mexico
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AL; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; SC; TN
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera deltoides is self-incompatible or self-compatible (W. M. Klein 1964; W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera filipes occurs marginally in several states, including: southernmost Illinois and southern Indiana; northern Florida; southeastern Mississippi; and, Washington Parish, Louisiana. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. filipes to be self-incompatible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stipogaura | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Anogra deltoides | Gaura filipes, G. filipes var. major, G. michauxii | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Torrey & Frémont in J. C. Frémont: Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts., 315. (1845) | (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 212. (2007) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |