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basket evening-primrose, birdcage evening primrose, desert lantern, devil's lantern, dune primrose, hairy evening primrose, lion-in-a-cage

Photo is of parent taxon

birdcage evening primrose, desert lantern

Habit Herbs usually winter-annual, sometimes perennial, glabrous, glandular puberulent, strigillose, and/or villous, sometimes more villous distally, hairs sometimes very curly, especially on flower parts; from a taproot or relatively long, fleshy roots. Herbs annual, strigillose, sometimes also villous; from a taproot.
Stems

central stem usually erect, usually thickened at base and spongy, branched or unbranched, branches few–several, slender, decumbent to ascending, from base, usually encircling central stem in older plants, 10–40(–100) cm.

central stem erect, usually thickened, with several leafy, ascending, slender branches from near base, encircling stems in older plants, 20–60(–100) cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette usually well developed (except subsp. howellii), basal 5–25 × 1–5 cm, cauline 4–12(–18) × 0.5–4 cm;

petiole 1.5–8 cm;

blade rhombic-obovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, margins subentire, dentate, or pinnatifid.

basal and cauline;

blade rhombic-lanceolate, becoming oblanceolate to lanceolate distally, margins usually coarsely sinuate-dentate to subentire, rarely pinnatifid.

Flowers

1–several opening per day near sunset;

buds nodding, weakly or strongly quadrangular or fluted in distal 1/2, with free tips 0–9 mm;

floral tube 20–40 mm;

sepals (13–)15–35 mm, not spotted;

petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 15–44 mm;

filaments 8–15 mm, anthers 5–14 mm;

style 35–60 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

buds weakly quadrangular, with free tips 0–1.5 mm;

sepals 20–35 mm;

petals 18–44 mm.

Capsules

spreading, straight to curved, becoming somewhat woody in age, cylindrical to slightly 4-angled, widest toward base, tapering from base to apex, (15–)30–80 × 1.5–5 mm;

sessile.

40–80 × 2–3.5 mm.

Seeds

numerous, in 1 row per locule, buff with dark spots or black, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.8 mm.

2n

= 14.

Oenothera deltoides

Oenothera deltoides subsp. deltoides

Phenology Flowering (Mar–)Jun–Jul(–Sep).
Habitat Sandy places, dunes, Mojave and Sonoran deserts.
Elevation -50–1300 m. (-200–4300 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
w United States; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora).

Oenothera deltoides is self-incompatible or self-compatible (W. M. Klein 1964; W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

W. M. Klein (1964) determined most populations of subsp. deltoides that were studied to be self-incompatible, but found a few in Riverside County, California, to be self-compatible. Oenothera kleinii was described from a single, small roadside population near Wolf Creek Pass in Colorado. Subsequent study and discussion with W. A. Weber suggested that this population was not native to the location, but grew there accidently; it has not been collected again in Colorado. Further study of morphological diversity of O. deltoides has shown that the distinguishing characters mentioned when O. kleinii was described, such as longer hairs and larger capsules and seeds, do in fact occur in plants within the natural range of O. deltoides.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs perennial, from long, fleshy roots; stems not thickened at base, branches erect or ascending, not encircling stems in older plants.
subsp. howellii
1. Herbs annual or short-lived perennial from a taproot; stems usually thickened at base, branches ascending or decumbent, often encircling stems in older plants.
→ 2
2. Flower buds fluted or strongly quadrangular in distal 1/2, without free tips, villous with curly hairs, sometimes glabrous; leaf blade margins sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid; petals 15–25(–30) mm; capsules 15–25(–30) mm.
subsp. piperi
2. Flower buds weakly or strongly quadrangular in distal 1/2, with free tips 0–3 mm, strigillose, sparsely to moderately villous, or glabrous; leaf blade margins sinuate-dentate or subentire, rarely pinnatifid; petals 15–44 mm; capsules 40–80 mm.
→ 3
3. Flower buds with free tips 1–3 mm, quadrangular in distal 1/2; plants strigillose, especially distally.
subsp. ambigua
3. Flower buds with free tips 0–1.5 mm, weakly quadrangular in distal 1/2; plants glabrous, villous, or strigillose.
→ 4
4. Herbs annual, strigillose, sometimes also villous; capsules 2–3.5 mm diam.; flower buds with free tips 0–1.5 mm.
subsp. deltoides
4. Herbs short-lived perennial or some­times annual, glabrous or sparsely villous, rarely also strigillose; capsules 3–5 mm diam.; flower buds without free tips.
subsp. cognata
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra > Oenothera deltoides
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. deltoides subsp. ambigua, O. deltoides subsp. cognata, O. deltoides subsp. howellii, O. deltoides subsp. piperi
Subordinate taxa
O. deltoides subsp. ambigua, O. deltoides subsp. cognata, O. deltoides subsp. deltoides, O. deltoides subsp. howellii, O. deltoides subsp. piperi
Synonyms Anogra deltoides O. deltoides var. cineracea, O. kleinii, O. trichocalyx var. cineracea
Name authority Torrey & Frémont in J. C. Frémont: Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts., 315. (1845) unknown
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