Oenothera deltoides |
Oenothera deltoides subsp. deltoides |
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basket evening-primrose, birdcage evening primrose, desert lantern, devil's lantern, dune primrose, hairy evening primrose, lion-in-a-cage |
birdcage evening primrose, desert lantern |
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Habit | Herbs usually winter-annual, sometimes perennial, glabrous, glandular puberulent, strigillose, and/or villous, sometimes more villous distally, hairs sometimes very curly, especially on flower parts; from a taproot or relatively long, fleshy roots. | Herbs annual, strigillose, sometimes also villous; from a taproot. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | central stem usually erect, usually thickened at base and spongy, branched or unbranched, branches few–several, slender, decumbent to ascending, from base, usually encircling central stem in older plants, 10–40(–100) cm. |
central stem erect, usually thickened, with several leafy, ascending, slender branches from near base, encircling stems in older plants, 20–60(–100) cm. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette usually well developed (except subsp. howellii), basal 5–25 × 1–5 cm, cauline 4–12(–18) × 0.5–4 cm; petiole 1.5–8 cm; blade rhombic-obovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, margins subentire, dentate, or pinnatifid. |
basal and cauline; blade rhombic-lanceolate, becoming oblanceolate to lanceolate distally, margins usually coarsely sinuate-dentate to subentire, rarely pinnatifid. |
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Flowers | 1–several opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly or strongly quadrangular or fluted in distal 1/2, with free tips 0–9 mm; floral tube 20–40 mm; sepals (13–)15–35 mm, not spotted; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 15–44 mm; filaments 8–15 mm, anthers 5–14 mm; style 35–60 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
buds weakly quadrangular, with free tips 0–1.5 mm; sepals 20–35 mm; petals 18–44 mm. |
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Capsules | spreading, straight to curved, becoming somewhat woody in age, cylindrical to slightly 4-angled, widest toward base, tapering from base to apex, (15–)30–80 × 1.5–5 mm; sessile. |
40–80 × 2–3.5 mm. |
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Seeds | numerous, in 1 row per locule, buff with dark spots or black, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.8 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera deltoides |
Oenothera deltoides subsp. deltoides |
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Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Jun–Jul(–Sep). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy places, dunes, Mojave and Sonoran deserts. | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | -50–1300 m. (-200–4300 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
w United States; nw Mexico
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AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora) |
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera deltoides is self-incompatible or self-compatible (W. M. Klein 1964; W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
W. M. Klein (1964) determined most populations of subsp. deltoides that were studied to be self-incompatible, but found a few in Riverside County, California, to be self-compatible. Oenothera kleinii was described from a single, small roadside population near Wolf Creek Pass in Colorado. Subsequent study and discussion with W. A. Weber suggested that this population was not native to the location, but grew there accidently; it has not been collected again in Colorado. Further study of morphological diversity of O. deltoides has shown that the distinguishing characters mentioned when O. kleinii was described, such as longer hairs and larger capsules and seeds, do in fact occur in plants within the natural range of O. deltoides. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra > Oenothera deltoides | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Anogra deltoides | O. deltoides var. cineracea, O. kleinii, O. trichocalyx var. cineracea | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Torrey & Frémont in J. C. Frémont: Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts., 315. (1845) | unknown | ||||||||||||||||
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