Oenothera deltoides |
Oenothera argillicola |
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basket evening-primrose, birdcage evening primrose, desert lantern, devil's lantern, dune primrose, hairy evening primrose, lion-in-a-cage |
shale barren evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs usually winter-annual, sometimes perennial, glabrous, glandular puberulent, strigillose, and/or villous, sometimes more villous distally, hairs sometimes very curly, especially on flower parts; from a taproot or relatively long, fleshy roots. | Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, strigillose and sparsely to moderately villous, hairs sometimes pustulate, pustules with green or red bases, inflorescence glabrous or sparsely glandular puberulent, sometimes also sparsely villous. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | central stem usually erect, usually thickened at base and spongy, branched or unbranched, branches few–several, slender, decumbent to ascending, from base, usually encircling central stem in older plants, 10–40(–100) cm. |
erect to ascending, green or red, unbranched or with branches obliquely arising from rosette or in distal 1/2 of main stem. |
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Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette usually well developed (except subsp. howellii), basal 5–25 × 1–5 cm, cauline 4–12(–18) × 0.5–4 cm; petiole 1.5–8 cm; blade rhombic-obovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, margins subentire, dentate, or pinnatifid. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 7–25 × 0.7–2 cm, cauline 6–13 × 0.4–1 cm; blade dark green, somewhat glossy, very narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, linear-elliptic, lanceolate, or nearly linear, margins flat, entire or remotely and bluntly dentate, sometimes with larger teeth near base; bracts persistent. |
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Inflorescences | curved with ascending tip, unbranched. |
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Flowers | 1–several opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly or strongly quadrangular or fluted in distal 1/2, with free tips 0–9 mm; floral tube 20–40 mm; sepals (13–)15–35 mm, not spotted; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 15–44 mm; filaments 8–15 mm, anthers 5–14 mm; style 35–60 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 4–8 mm diam., with free tips subterminal, divergent and hornlike, 3–9 mm; floral tube 32–52 mm; sepals yellowish green to yellow, sometimes flushed with red, especially at apex, 27–38 mm; petals yellow to pale yellow, fading pale yellow to pale yellowish orange, very broadly obcordate or obovate, 25–42 mm; filaments 20–27 mm, anthers 9–13 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 60–85 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | spreading, straight to curved, becoming somewhat woody in age, cylindrical to slightly 4-angled, widest toward base, tapering from base to apex, (15–)30–80 × 1.5–5 mm; sessile. |
spreading at nearly a right angle to stem, curved upward, sometimes secund, dull green or rusty brown when dry, narrowly lanceoloid to lanceoloid, 20–40 × 4–6 mm, free tips of valves 1–2 mm. |
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Seeds | numerous, in 1 row per locule, buff with dark spots or black, narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.8 mm. |
1.3–1.9 × 0.7–1.1 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Oenothera deltoides |
Oenothera argillicola |
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Phenology | Flowering (Jun–)Jul–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open sites on Devonian Brallier shale slopes, barrens, outcrops or adjacent roadsides in mid-Appalachian Allegheny Mountains. | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 150–700 m. (500–2300 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
w United States; nw Mexico
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MD; PA; VA; WV |
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). Oenothera deltoides is self-incompatible or self-compatible (W. M. Klein 1964; W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera argillicola is one of eight angiosperm species restricted to the Devonian Brallier shale barrens, but among them only O. argillicola and Trifolium virginicum occur throughout the shale barren region. Oenothera argillicola has plastome V and a CC genome composition. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Anogra | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Anogra deltoides | O. argillicola var. pubescens | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Torrey & Frémont in J. C. Frémont: Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts., 315. (1845) | Mackenzie: Torreya 4: 56. (1904) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |