Oenothera curtiflora |
Oenothera spachiana |
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lizard-tail, small-flower bee-blossom, small-flower gaura, velvet weed |
spach's evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, strigillose, glandular puberulent, and long-villous; from heavy taproot, 2–4 cm diam. | Herbs annual, densely strigillose; from a sparsely branched taproot. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or many-branched distally, (20–)30–200(–300) cm. |
erect, usually unbranched or with few ascending branches, 10–30(–45) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1.5–3 cm, petiole 0–1.8 cm, blade broadly oblanceolate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate; cauline 2–13 × 0.5–5 cm, petiole 0–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, petiole 0.5–2 cm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, margins subentire; cauline 3–6 × 0.2–0.6 cm, petiole 0.2–0.6(–1.5) cm, blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, margins subentire. |
Inflorescences | relatively long, dense. |
erect, flowers in leaf axils in distal 1/2 of plant. |
Flowers | 4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 1.5–5 mm; sepals 2–3.5 mm; petals white, fading pale to dark pink, slightly unequal, oblong-obovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, 1.5–3 mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 1.5–3 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 3–9 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunrise; buds with free tips to 1 mm, erect to spreading; floral tube 4–10 mm; sepals 4–8 mm; petals pale yellow, fading pale pink, 5–14 mm; filaments 3–7 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 3–7 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers. |
Capsules | fusiform, terete, weakly angled in distal 1/3, angles becoming broad and rounded in proximal part, 5–11 × 1.5–3 mm, tapering abruptly toward base; sessile. |
broadly clavate, 4-angled, 5–15 × 3–5 mm, stipe 2–5 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | 3 or 4, reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
1 × 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera curtiflora |
Oenothera spachiana |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Oct. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Rocky prairie slopes, woodlands, along streams, roadsides, disturbed areas. | Prairies, open roadsides, sandy places. |
Elevation | 10–2800 m. (0–9200 ft.) | 10–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MN; MO; MT; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WY; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Zacatecas) [Introduced in South America (Argentina), Asia (China, Japan), Australia]
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AL; AR; LA; MS; OK; TX |
Discussion | Oenothera curtiflora is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). Sometimes it is apparently a biennial. The species is native to grassland regions and open areas across much of interior North America. The full extent of its indigenous range is not clear and collections from the eastern half of the United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Tennessee) and California may be more recent introductions. Gaura mollis Nuttall ex Torrey 1827 is an isonym of G. mollis E. James 1822, a suppressed name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
G. B. Straley (1977) determined Oenothera spachiana to be self-compatible and autogamous. Collections outside the native range of O. spachiana have been made as a ballast weed in Camden County, New Jersey. Oenothera drummondii (Spach) Walpers (1843), not Hooker (1834) is a later homonym and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Schizocarya | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Kneiffia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura parviflora, G. australis, G. hirsuta, G. micrantha, G. parviflora var. lachnocarpa, Schizocarya micrantha | Blennoderma drummondii, Kneiffia spachiana, O. uncinata |
Name authority | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 498. (1840) |
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